Trial reportCornea2010
Topical azithromycin therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction: clinical response and lipid alterations.
Trial report in Cornea, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00803452 (Lipids of the Human Tear Film and Their Effect on Tear Stability), which is not on this map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Lipids of the Human Tear Film and Their Effect on Tear Stability
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaporative dry eye disease due to meibomian gland dysfunction: Preferred practice pattern guidelines for diagnosis and treatment.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Guideline
- A randomized, sham-controlled trial of intraductal meibomian gland probing with or without topical antibiotic/steroid for obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction.The ocular surface · 2020Trial
- Efficacy of azithromycin 1.5% eyedrops vs oral doxycycline in meibomian gland dysfunction: a randomized trial.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2019Trial
- Topical diquafosol for patients with obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2013Trial
- Human meibum lipid conformation and thermodynamic changes with meibomian-gland dysfunction.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2011Trial
- Treatment of Mixed Dry Eye Disease with Topical Azithromycin: A Prospective Controlled Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Dry Eye Disease: Perspectives of a Patient and Both US and UK Physicians.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Pharmacological, Natural and Emerging Therapies for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Review.Drugs · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and Safety of Therapeutic Strategies in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Narrative Review.Ophthalmic research · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of topical azithromycin therapy in patients with blepharitis and meibomian gland dysfunction.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Tolerability of Current Treatments for Dry Eye Disease: A Review of Approved and Investigational Therapies.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Efficacy of azithromycin hydrate ophthalmic solution for treatment of internal hordeolum and meibomitis with or without phlyctenular keratitis.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Clinical Practice Guidelines.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Cataract surgery in ocular surface disease.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Intricate insights into immune response in dry eye disease.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- A Review on Dry Eye Disease Treatment: Recent Progress, Diagnostics, and Future Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Ductal Hyperkeratinization and Acinar Renewal Abnormality: New Concepts on Pathogenesis of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- Bacteria and Dry Eye: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Optimization of the Ocular Surface Through Treatment of Ocular Surface Disease Before Ophthalmic Surgery: A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2022Review
- Influence of Vitamin A deficiency on the transcriptomic profile of rat meibomian glands.International ophthalmology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeMeibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a common clinical problem that is often associated with evaporative dry eye disease. Alterations of the lipids of the meibomian glands have been identified in several studies of MGD. This prospective, observational, open-label clinical trial documents the improvement in both clinical signs and symptoms of disease and spectroscopic behavior of the meibomian gland lipids after therapy with topical azithromycin ophthalmic solution.
methodsSubjects with symptomatic MGD were recruited. Signs of MGD were evaluated with a slit lamp. Symptoms of MGD were measured by the response of subjects to a questionnaire. Meibum lipid, lipid-lipid interaction strength, and conformation and phase transition parameters were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
resultsIn subjects with clinical evidence of MGD, changes in ordering of the lipids and resultant alteration of phase transition temperature were identified. Topical therapy with azithromycin relieved signs and symptoms and restored the lipid properties of the meibomian gland secretion toward normal.
conclusionsImprovement in phase transition temperature of the meibomian gland lipid with the determined percent trans rotomer composition of the lipid strongly suggests that the ordering of the lipid molecules is altered in the disease state (MGD) and that azithromycin can improve that abnormal condition toward normal in a manner that correlates with clinical response to therapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.