Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20488934›Full record

ArticleGenome research2010

High-throughput sequencing reveals extensive variation in human-specific L1 content in individual human genomes.

Adam D Ewing, Haig H Kazazian

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome research, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 197 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
197citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

197 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 315 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. LINE-1 Retrotransposons and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
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  6. ATRX: From Chromatin Remodeling to Disease.Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) · 2025
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137 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Adam D EwingUniversity of Pennsylvania Department of Genetics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Haig H Kazazian
California University of Pennsylvania · USUniversity of Pennsylvania · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Using high-throughput sequencing, we devised a technique to determine the insertion sites of virtually all members of the human-specific L1 retrotransposon family in any human genome. Using diagnostic nucleotides, we were able to locate the approximately 800 L1Hs copies corresponding specifically to the pre-Ta, Ta-0, and Ta-1 L1Hs subfamilies, with over 90% of sequenced reads corresponding to human-specific elements. We find that any two individual genomes differ at an average of 285 sites with respect to L1 insertion presence or absence. In total, we assayed 25 individuals, 15 of which are unrelated, at 1139 sites, including 772 shared with the reference genome and 367 nonreference L1 insertions. We show that L1Hs profiles recapitulate genetic ancestry, and determine the chromosomal distribution of these elements. Using these data, we estimate that the rate of L1 retrotransposition in humans is between 1/95 and 1/270 births, and the number of dimorphic L1 elements in the human population with gene frequencies greater than 0.05 is between 3000 and 10,000.

Indexed as

Genetic VariationGenome, HumanHumansLong Interspersed Nucleotide ElementsRetroelementsSequence Analysis, DNARetroelements

Identifiers

PMID20488934
PMCPMC2928504
OpenAlexW2106021702

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.