ArticleBMC genomics2010
Powdery mildew fungal effector candidates share N-terminal Y/F/WxC-motif.
Article in BMC genomics, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers.
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97 citing papers in PubMed, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Hybrid genome assembly of the cannabis powdery mildew agent Golovinomyces ambrosiae uncovers important resources for deciphering virulence factors.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Characterization of the Effector Candidate Repertoire in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal FungusJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sequence-based comparative secretome analysis reveals conserved core effectors and host lineage-specific divergence between monocot- and dicot-associated powdery mildew lineages.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Computational studies reveal structural characterization and novel families of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici effectors.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Genome and transcriptome analysis of Chinese wheat powdery mildew isolate 21-2 for discovery of important virulence determinants.Current research in microbial sciences · 2025Article
- EffectorFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Effector Pt9226 fromMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Alternative splicing regulation in plants by SP7-like effectors from symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.Nature communications · 2024Article
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- Variability and functional characterization of the Phakopsora pachyrhizi Egh16-like effectors.Genetics and molecular biology · 2024Article
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- Structural polymorphisms within a common powdery mildew effector scaffold as a driver of coevolution with cereal immune receptors.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- The function of plant PR1 and other members of the CAP protein superfamily in plant-pathogen interactions.Molecular plant pathology · 2023Review
- Prediction of effector protein structures from fungal phytopathogens enables evolutionary analyses.Nature microbiology · 2023Article
- WideEffHunter: An Algorithm to Predict Canonical and Non-Canonical Effectors in Fungi and Oomycetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Secreted Glycosyltransferase RsIA_GT ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The secreted ribonuclease T2 protein FoRnt2 contributes to Fusarium oxysporum virulence.Molecular plant pathology · 2022Article
- A novel effector, CsSp1, from Bipolaris sorokiniana, is essential for colonization in wheat and is also involved in triggering host immunity.Molecular plant pathology · 2022Article
- Predication of the Effector Proteins Secreted byJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPowdery mildew and rust fungi are widespread, serious pathogens that depend on developing haustoria in the living plant cells. Haustoria are separated from the host cytoplasm by a plant cell-derived extrahaustorial membrane. They secrete effector proteins, some of which are subsequently transferred across this membrane to the plant cell to suppress defense.
resultsIn a cDNA library from barley epidermis containing powdery mildew haustoria, two-thirds of the sequenced ESTs were fungal and represented approximately 3,000 genes. Many of the most highly expressed genes encoded small proteins with N-terminal signal peptides. While these proteins are novel and poorly related, they do share a three-amino acid motif, which we named "Y/F/WxC", in the N-terminal of the mature proteins. The first amino acid of this motif is aromatic: tyrosine, phenylalanine or tryptophan, and the last is always cysteine. In total, we identified 107 such proteins, for which the ESTs represent 19% of the fungal clones in our library, suggesting fundamental roles in haustoria function. While overall sequence similarity between the powdery mildew Y/F/WxC-proteins is low, they do have a highly similar exon-intron structure, suggesting they have a common origin. Interestingly, searches of public fungal genome and EST databases revealed that haustoria-producing rust fungi also encode large numbers of novel, short proteins with signal peptides and the Y/F/WxC-motif. No significant numbers of such proteins were identified from genome and EST sequences from either fungi which do not produce haustoria or from haustoria-producing Oomycetes.
conclusionIn total, we identified 107, 178 and 57 such Y/F/WxC-proteins from the barley powdery mildew, the wheat stem rust and the wheat leaf rust fungi, respectively. All together, our findings suggest the Y/F/WxC-proteins to be a new class of effectors from haustoria-producing pathogenic fungi.
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