ArticleMolecular microbiology2010
Phase variation controls expression of Salmonella lipopolysaccharide modification genes by a DNA methylation-dependent mechanism.
Article in Molecular microbiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
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Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- A single nucleotide polymorphism collapses phase variation and drives short-sighted evolution of O-antigen inGut microbes · 2026Article
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- Structured Promoter Variability in Epigenetically Regulated Operons Contributes to Surface Adaptation in Salmonella.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- Epigenetic regulation in prokaryotes: transcriptional and phenotypic outcomes of DNA methyltransferase activity.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- The intestinal environment potentiates bacteriophage adaptation in response to phenotypic resistance inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- DNA methylation affects gene expression but not global chromatin structure inJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Characterization of Salmonella adaptation in response to phage treatment in broiler chickens.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Reversible excision of the wzy locus in Salmonella Typhimurium may aid recovery following phage predation.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Completing the BASEL phage collection to unlock hidden diversity for systematic exploration of phage-host interactions.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Advantage of an epigenetic switch in response to alternate environments.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Review
- Structure, biosynthesis and regulation of the T1 antigen, a phase-variable surface polysaccharide conserved in many Salmonella serovars.Nature communications · 2024Article
- More than one way to add a sugar into bacterial polysaccharides.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Determinants of bacterial survival and proliferation in blood.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2024Review
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- AamA-mediated epigenetic control of genome-wide gene expression and phenotypic traits inMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Identification and Characterization of a New Regulator, TagR, for Environmental Stress Resistance Based on the DNA Methylome of Streptomyces roseosporus.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
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- Analysis ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The O-antigen of Salmonella lipopolysaccharide is a major antigenic determinant and its chemical composition forms the basis for Salmonella serotyping. Modifications of the O-antigen that can affect the serotype include those carried out by the products of glycosyltransferase operons (gtr), which are present on specific Salmonella and phage genomes. Here we show that expression of the gtr genes encoded by phage P22 that confers the O1 serotype is under the control of phase variation. This phase variation occurs by a novel epigenetic mechanism requiring OxyR in conjunction with the DNA methyltransferase Dam. OxyR is an activator or a repressor of the system depending on which of its two binding sites in the gtr regulatory region is occupied. Binding is decreased by methylation at Dam target sequences in either site, and this confers heritability of the expression state to the system. Most Salmonella gtr operons share the key regulatory elements that are identified here as essential for this epigenetic phase variation.
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