ArticleRetrovirology2010
Undetectable plasma viral load predicts normal survival in HIV-2-infected people in a West African village.
Article in Retrovirology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The LEDGIN GS-9822 inhibits HIV-2 infection and enhances HIV-2 latency.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Negative Viral Load Follow-Up in an Untreated HIV-2 Infected Patient: A Case Report.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Clinical Outcomes of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Containing Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-2: A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Review
- HIV-2 mediated effects on target and bystander cells induce plasma proteome remodeling.iScience · 2024Article
- HIV-2 inhibits HIV-1 gene expression via two independent mechanisms during cellular co-infection.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Replication-Competent HIV-2 Isolated from Controllers and Progressors.Viruses · 2023Article
- The HIV-2 OGH double reporter virus shows that HIV-2 is less cytotoxic and less sensitive to reactivation from latency than HIV-1 in cell culture.Journal of virus eradication · 2023Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Capsid Protein Mutagenesis Reveals Amino Acid Residues Important for Virus Particle Assembly.Journal of molecular biology · 2022Article
- Article
- Intrahost evolution of the HIV-2 capsid correlates with progression to AIDS.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- HIV treatment in Guinea-Bissau: room for improvement and time for new treatment options.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Review
- Structure of HIV-2 Nef Reveals Features Distinct from HIV-1 Involved in Immune Regulation.iScience · 2020Article
- HIV-2-Infected Macrophages Produce and Accumulate Poorly Infectious Viral Particles.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- The first case of HIV-2 in Scotland.Access microbiology · 2020Article
- HIV-2 Depletes CD4 T Cells through Pyroptosis despite Vpx-Dependent Degradation of SAMHD1.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- HIV-2 as a model to identify a functional HIV cure.AIDS research and therapy · 2019Review
- Delayed disease progression in HIV-2: the importance of TRIM5α and the retroviral capsid.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2019Review
- Comparison of the Antiviral Activity of Bictegravir against HIV-1 and HIV-2 Isolates and Integrase Inhibitor-Resistant HIV-2 Mutants.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Article
- HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins isolated from Viremic Non-Progressor individuals are fully functional and cytopathic.Scientific reports · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere have been no previous studies of the long-term survival and temporal changes in plasma viral load among HIV-2 infected subjects.
methods133 HIV-2 infected and 158 HIV-uninfected subjects from a rural area in North-west Guinea-Bissau, West Africa were enrolled into a prospective cohort study in 1991 and followed-up to mid-2009. Data were collected on four occasions during that period on HIV antibodies, CD4% and HIV-2 plasma viral load.
resultsMedian age (interquartile range [IQR]) of HIV-2 infected subjects at time of enrollment was 47 (36, 60) years, similar to that of HIV-uninfected control subjects, 49 (38, 62) (p = 0.4). Median (IQR) plasma viral load and CD4 percentage were 347 (50, 4,300) copies/ml and 29 (22, 35) respectively.Overall loss to follow-up to assess vital status was small, at 6.7% and 6.3% for HIV-2 infected and uninfected subjects respectively. An additional 17 (12.8%) and 16 (10.1%) of HIV-2 infected and uninfected subjects respectively were censored during follow-up due to infection with HIV-1. The mortality rate per 100 person-years (95% CI) was 4.5 (3.6, 5.8) among HIV-2 infected subjects compared to 2.1 (1.6, 2.9) among HIV-uninfected (age-sex adjusted rate ratio 1.9 (1.3, 2.8, p < 0.001) representing a 2-fold excess mortality rate associated with HIV-2 infection.Viral load measurements were available for 98%, 78%, 77% and 61% HIV-2 infected subjects who were alive and had not become super-infected with HIV-1, in 1991, 1996, 2003 and 2006 respectively. Median plasma viral load (RNA copies per ml) (IQR) did not change significantly over time, being 150 (50, 1,554; n = 77) in 1996, 203 (50, 2,837; n = 47) in 2003 and 171 (50, 497; n = 31) in 2006. Thirty seven percent of HIV-2 subjects had undetectable viraemia (<100 copies/ml) at baseline: strikingly, mortality in this group was similar to that of the general population.
conclusionsA substantial proportion of HIV-2 infected subjects in this cohort have stable plasma viral load, and those with an undetectable viral load (37%) at study entry had a normal survival rate. However, the sequential laboratory findings need to be interpreted with caution given the number of individuals who could not be re-examined.
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