ArticleBMC genomics2010
GC3 biology in corn, rice, sorghum and other grasses.
Article in BMC genomics, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhancing protein expression in humans through codon optimization with transformer and contrastive learning.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Rapid GC content evolution in rice through GC-biased gene conversion and selection for translation efficiency.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of morphology and chloroplast genomes in endangered plantFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Evolutionary diversification of theFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Complete Chloroplast Genome Characterization, and Phylogenetic Analyses of the Rare and Endangered PlantBiology · 2025Article
- GC3 codons enhance protein production in diverse GC- and AT-rich plant species.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Deep learning decodes species-specific codon usage signatures in Brassica from coding sequences.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Codon usage bias is presumably affected by tRNA selection effects in Actinidia polyploidization events.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Characterization of feline nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug activated gene-1 (fNAG-1) and its protective function in kidney cells.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Evolution of Plant Genome Size and Composition.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2024Review
- Characteristics of duplicated gene expression and DNA methylation regulation in different tissues of allopolyploid Brassica napus.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- GC heterogeneity reveals sequence-structures evolution of angiosperm ITS2.BMC plant biology · 2023Article
- On the Role of TATA Boxes and TATA-Binding Protein inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Codon Usage Provide Insights into the Adaptation of Rice Genes under Stress Condition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Genome-Wide Prediction of Transcription Start Sites in Conifers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 editing of DNA methyltransferases in rice uncovers a class of non-CG methylation specific for GC-rich regions.The Plant cell · 2021Article
- Hierarchical dinucleotide distribution in genome along evolution and its effect on chromatin packing.Life science alliance · 2021Article
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- DNA methylation changes in clonally propagated oil palm.Plant cell reports · 2020Article
- PbrPOE21 inhibits pear pollen tube growth in vitro by altering apical reactive oxygen species content.Planta · 2020Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe third, or wobble, position in a codon provides a high degree of possible degeneracy and is an elegant fault-tolerance mechanism. Nucleotide biases between organisms at the wobble position have been documented and correlated with the abundances of the complementary tRNAs. We and others have noticed a bias for cytosine and guanine at the third position in a subset of transcripts within a single organism. The bias is present in some plant species and warm-blooded vertebrates but not in all plants, or in invertebrates or cold-blooded vertebrates.
resultsHere we demonstrate that in certain organisms the amount of GC at the wobble position (GC3) can be used to distinguish two classes of genes. We highlight the following features of genes with high GC3 content: they (1) provide more targets for methylation, (2) exhibit more variable expression, (3) more frequently possess upstream TATA boxes, (4) are predominant in certain classes of genes (e.g., stress responsive genes) and (5) have a GC3 content that increases from 5'to 3'. These observations led us to formulate a hypothesis to explain GC3 bimodality in grasses.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that high levels of GC3 typify a class of genes whose expression is regulated through DNA methylation or are a legacy of accelerated evolution through gene conversion. We discuss the three most probable explanations for GC3 bimodality: biased gene conversion, transcriptional and translational advantage and gene methylation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.