ReviewArchives of toxicology2010
Cancer effects of formaldehyde: a proposal for an indoor air guideline value.
Review in Archives of toxicology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 211 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking and the risk of prostate cancer: a review of risk and disease progression.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2025Review
- Laboratory Cross-Sensitivity Evaluation of Low-Cost Electrochemical Formaldehyde Sensors.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Associations Between Health Literacy and Chronic Disease Prevalence Among Employees in Chinese Petroleum Companies: A Cross-Sectional Study.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
- Hatching Egg Sanitizers Based on Essential Oils: Microbiological Parameters, Hatchability, and Poultry Health.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- SiNSensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Laboratory Performance Evaluation of a Low-Cost Electrochemical Formaldehyde Sensor.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Formaldehyde Oxidation of CeNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Vinylated Modification of Biophytic Acid and Flame-Retardant/Crease-Proofing Finishing of Cotton Fabrics via In Situ Copolymerization.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Spraying Hatching Eggs with Clove Essential Oil Does Not Compromise the Quality of Embryos and One-Day-Old Chicks or Broiler Performance.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Improving Indoor Air Quality by Using Sheep Wool Thermal Insulation.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Harmful Effect of Indoor Formaldehyde on Atopic Dermatitis in Children: A Longitudinal Study.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2021Article
- Assessment of formaldehyde levels in relation to respiratory and allergic symptoms in children from Alba County schools, Romania.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2019Article
- Reduced Graphene Oxide-Coated Si Nanowires for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Indoor Formaldehyde.Nanoscale research letters · 2019Article
- Efficiency and performance tests of the sorptive building materials that reduce indoor formaldehyde concentrations.PloS one · 2019Article
- Re-evaluation of the WHO (2010) formaldehyde indoor air quality guideline for cancer risk assessment.Archives of toxicology · 2017Review
- Formaldehyde-induced toxicity in the nasal epithelia of workers of a plastic laminate plant.Toxicology research · 2016Article
- Evaluation of colon cancer histomorphology: a comparison between formalin and PAXgene tissue fixation by an international ring trial.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2014Article
- Outdoor formaldehyde and NO2 exposures and markers of genotoxicity in children living near chipboard industries.Environmental health perspectives · 2014Article
- New results on formaldehyde: the 2nd International Formaldehyde Science Conference (Madrid, 19-20 April 2012).Archives of toxicology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Formaldehyde is a ubiquitous indoor air pollutant that is classified as "Carcinogenic to humans (Group 1)" (IARC, Formaldehyde, 2-butoxyethanol and 1-tert-butoxypropanol-2-ol. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, vol 88. World Health Organization, Lyon, pp 39-325, 2006). For nasal cancer in rats, the exposure-response relationship is highly non-linear, supporting a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) that allows setting a guideline value. Epidemiological studies reported no increased incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer in humans below a mean level of 1 ppm and peak levels below 4 ppm, consistent with results from rat studies. Rat studies indicate that cytotoxicity-induced cell proliferation (NOAEL at 1 ppm) is a key mechanism in development of nasal cancer. However, the linear unit risk approach that is based on conservative ("worst-case") considerations is also used for risk characterization of formaldehyde exposures. Lymphohematopoietic malignancies are not observed consistently in animal studies and if caused by formaldehyde in humans, they are high-dose phenomenons with non-linear exposure-response relationships. Apparently, these diseases are not reported in epidemiological studies at peak exposures below 2 ppm and average exposures below 0.5 ppm. At the similar airborne exposure levels in rodents, the nasal cancer effect is much more prominent than lymphohematopoietic malignancies. Thus, prevention of nasal cancer is considered to prevent lymphohematopoietic malignancies. Departing from the rat studies, the guideline value of the WHO (Air quality guidelines for Europe, 2nd edn. World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, pp 87-91, 2000), 0.08 ppm (0.1 mg m(-3)) formaldehyde, is considered preventive of carcinogenic effects in compliance with epidemiological findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.