ArticleThe Journal of investigative dermatology2010
Activation of TLR2 by a small molecule produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis increases antimicrobial defense against bacterial skin infections.
Article in The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 228 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
228 citing papers in PubMed, 430 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of a human skin commensal microbe for bacteriotherapy of atopic dermatitis and use in a phase 1 randomized clinical trial.Nature medicine · 2021Trial
- The Skin Microbiome of Patients With Atopic Dermatitis Normalizes Gradually During Treatment.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Trial
- Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri LR1 on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and intestinal barrier function in weaned pigs.Journal of animal science · 2018Trial
- Cutaneous Burn Injury Promotes Shifts in the Bacterial Microbiome in Autologous Donor Skin: Implications for Skin Grafting Outcomes.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2017Trial
- Antimicrobials from human skin commensal bacteria protect againstScience translational medicine · 2017Trial
- Insights into bacterial colonization of intensive care patients' skin: the effect of chlorhexidine daily bathing.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2015Trial
- The potential effects, mechanisms and translational perspectives of natural products in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Elucidating the Impact of Bacterial Composition and Diversity on Skin Homeostasis Using a Human 3D In Vitro Skin Model.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Article
- Search for Potentially VirulentInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Advances in Scalp Microbiome Research: Molecular Insights into the Metabolism-Inflammation-Barrier Axis and Dandruff Pathogenesis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Microbial Dysbiosis in Photodermatoses: Formation, Pathogenesis and Intervention Strategies.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- PPARα deficiency causes skin dysbiosis and triggers innate immunity in keratinocytes.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Human and Marine Host Defense Peptides for Healthy Skin.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Oxygen and ROS Delivery for Infected Wound Healing and Future Prospects.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- The Evolving Microbial Paradigm in Acne.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: How a common bacterium exploits and drives disease.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Fungal-Bacterial Crosstalk Modulates Glucocorticoid-Primed TLR2 Signaling in the Human Skin.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Immunoinformatics approach to engineer a multi-epitope vaccine against SdrG in skin commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis.PloS one · 2026Article
- The Multifaceted Properties of Copper and Zinc in Skin Healing.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Article
168 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Production of antimicrobial peptides by epithelia is an essential defense against infectious pathogens. In this study we evaluated whether the commensal microorganism Staphylococcus epidermidis may enhance production of antimicrobial peptides by keratinocytes and thus augment skin defense against infection. Exposure of cultured undifferentiated human keratinocytes to a sterile nontoxic small molecule of <10 kDa from S. epidermidis conditioned culture medium (SECM), but not similar preparations from other bacteria, enhanced human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) and hBD3 mRNA expression and increased the capacity of cell lysates to inhibit the growth of group A Streptococcus (GAS) and S. aureus. Partial gene silencing of hBD3 inhibited this antimicrobial action. This effect was relevant in vivo as administration of SECM to mice decreased susceptibility to infection by GAS. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) was important to this process as a TLR2-neutralizing antibody blocked induction of hBDs 2 and 3, and Tlr2-deficient mice did not show induction of mBD4. Taken together, these findings reveal a potential use for normal commensal bacterium S. epidermidis to activate TLR2 signaling and induce antimicrobial peptide expression, thus enabling the skin to mount an enhanced response to pathogens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.