ArticleJournal of the Royal Society, Interface2010
Unsteady motion: escape jumps in planktonic copepods, their kinematics and energetics.
Article in Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Measurement and hydrodynamic modelling quantifies the mechanical cost of cyprid locomotion.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2026Article
- Cruising and jumping: the effect of microplastics on the swimming behavior of copepods measured by 3D Lagrangian particle tracking velocimetry.The European physical journal. E, Soft matter · 2026Article
- Metachronal rowing provides robust propulsive performance across four orders of magnitude variation in Reynolds number.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Sexual dimorphism in jump kinematics and choreography in peacock spiders.The Journal of experimental biology · 2025Article
- The role of mitochondria in sex- and age-specific gene expression in a species without sex chromosomes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Escape performance in the cyclopoid copepod Oithona davisae.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The role of mitochondria in sex- and age-specific gene expression in a species without sex chromosomes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Mantis Shrimp Locomotion: Coordination and Variation of Hybrid Metachronal Swimming.Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Machine learning techniques to characterize functional traits of plankton from image data.Limnology and oceanography · 2022Review
- Experimental investigation of preferential concentration in zooplankton swimming in turbulence.The European physical journal. E, Soft matter · 2022Article
- Swimming kinematics and hydrodynamics of barnacle larvae throughout development.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2020Article
- Zooplankton can actively adjust their motility to turbulent flow.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Characterization of intermittency in zooplankton behaviour in turbulence.The European physical journal. E, Soft matter · 2015Article
- Turbulence triggers vigorous swimming but hinders motion strategy in planktonic copepods.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2015Article
- Hydrodynamic coupling of two sharp-edged beams vibrating in a viscous fluid.Proceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2014Article
- Article
- The fluid dynamics of swimming by jumping in copepods.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2011Article
- Danger of zooplankton feeding: the fluid signal generated by ambush-feeding copepods.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2010Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We describe the kinematics of escape jumps in three species of 0.3-3.0 mm-sized planktonic copepods. We find similar kinematics between species with periodically alternating power strokes and passive coasting and a resulting highly fluctuating escape velocity. By direct numerical simulations, we estimate the force and power output needed to accelerate and overcome drag. Both are very high compared with those of other organisms, as are the escape velocities in comparison to startle velocities of other aquatic animals. Thus, the maximum weight-specific force, which for muscle motors of other animals has been found to be near constant at 57 N (kg muscle)(-1), is more than an order of magnitude higher for the escaping copepods. We argue that this is feasible because most copepods have different systems for steady propulsion (feeding appendages) and intensive escapes (swimming legs), with the muscular arrangement of the latter probably adapted for high force production during short-lasting bursts. The resulting escape velocities scale with body length to power 0.65, different from the size-scaling of both similar sized and larger animals moving at constant velocity, but similar to that found for startle velocities in other aquatic organisms. The relative duration of the pauses between power strokes was observed to increase with organism size. We demonstrate that this is an inherent property of swimming by alternating power strokes and pauses. We finally show that the Strouhal number is in the range of peak propulsion efficiency, again suggesting that copepods are optimally designed for rapid escape jumps.
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