ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2010
Cross sectional analysis of respiratory symptoms in an injection drug user cohort: the impact of obstructive lung disease and HIV.
Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of HIV on respiratory symptoms, health status, and exertional capacity.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Use of rosuvastatin in HIV-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Trial
- Greater ambient air pollution exposure is associated with worse respiratory symptoms in men and women with HIV and chronic lung disease: a cohort study.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in People with HIV: an Evidence-Based Review.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Comparative study of pulmonary functions test among different substances abusers.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- Lung proteome and metabolome endotype in HIV-associated obstructive lung disease.ERJ open research · 2023Article
- COPD in People with HIV: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Management, and Prevention Strategies.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Review
- Changes in lung function in adolescents with substance use disorders: an exploratory study.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2023Observational
- Pulmonary Function Trajectories in People with HIV: Analysis of the Pittsburgh HIV Lung Cohort.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2022Article
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in HIV.Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2021Review
- Unexpected low frequency of respiratory symptoms in an HIV-positive urban sub-Saharan population compared to an HIV-negative control group.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2019Article
- Abnormal Lung Function in HIV-infected Adults: An Under-recognized Risk Factor for Early Mortality.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2018Article
- Pulmonary disease in HIV-infected adults in the era of antiretroviral therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Review
- Plasma sphingolipids in HIV-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.BMJ open respiratory research · 2017Article
- Obstructive Lung Diseases in HIV: A Clinical Review and Identification of Key Future Research Needs.Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2016Review
- Factors associated with abnormal spirometry among HIV-infected individuals.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Article
- HIV Infection Is Associated With Increased Risk for Acute Exacerbation of COPD.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Article
- Pulmonary symptoms and diagnoses are associated with HIV in the MACS and WIHS cohorts.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2014Article
- Chest computed tomography findings in HIV-infected individuals in the era of antiretroviral therapy.PloS one · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInjection drug use is associated with an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and with obstructive lung diseases (OLD). Understanding how HIV and OLD may impact respiratory symptoms among injection drug users (IDUs) is important to adequately care for this high-risk population. We characterized the independent and joint effects of HIV and OLD on respiratory symptoms of a cohort of inner-city IDUs.
methodsDemographics, risk behavior and spirometric measurements were collected from a cross-sectional analysis of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Link to the IntraVenous Experience study, an observational cohort of IDUs followed in Baltimore, MD since 1988. Participants completed a modified American Thoracic Society respiratory questionnaire and the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea score to assess respiratory symptoms of cough, phlegm, wheezing and dyspnea.
resultsOf 974 participants, 835 (86%) were current smokers and 288 (29.6%) were HIV-infected. The prevalence of OLD (FEV1/FVC < or = 0.70) was 15.5%, and did not differ by HIV status. OLD, but not HIV, was associated with increased frequency of reported respiratory symptoms. There was a combined effect of OLD and HIV on worsening of MRC scores. OLD and HIV were independently associated with an increased odds of reporting an MRC > or = 2 (OR 1.83 [95%CI 1.23-2.73] and 1.50 [95%CI 1.08-2.09], respectively). COPD, but not HIV, was independently associated with reporting an MRC >/= 3 (OR 2.25 [95%CI 1.43-3.54] and 1.29 [95%CI 0.87-1.91], respectively).
conclusionsWhile HIV does not worsen cough, phlegm or wheezing, HIV significantly increases moderate but not severe dyspnea in individuals of similar OLD status. Incorporating the MRC score into routine evaluation of IDUs at risk for OLD and HIV provides better assessment than cough, phlegm and wheezing alone.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.