ArticleBMC molecular biology2010
The human RPS4 paralogue on Yq11.223 encodes a structurally conserved ribosomal protein and is preferentially expressed during spermatogenesis.
Article in BMC molecular biology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ribosome Heterogeneity in Plants: The Causes of This Phenomenon and Its Implications on Gene Expression.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- XIST expression and hypermethylation of the X chromosome in males with systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Y-chromosome alteration and its impact on cancer progression and metastasis.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- A Novel Regulatory Role for RPS4Y1 in Inflammatory and Fibrotic Processes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Brain Transcriptomes of Juvenile Cynomolgus Macaques.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Impact of β-defensin 103 (DEFB103) copy number variation on bull sperm parameters and post-insemination uterine gene expression.PloS one · 2025Article
- High-resolution reconstruction of aRNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Riboproteome remodeling during quiescence exit iniScience · 2024Article
- Molecular differences in renal cell carcinoma between males and females.World journal of urology · 2023Review
- RPL3L-containing ribosomes determine translation elongation dynamics required for cardiac function.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Ribosome Specialization in Protozoa Parasites.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Specialized Ribosomes in Health and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Sexual dimorphism in chronic respiratory diseases.Cell & bioscience · 2023Review
- Multiple copy number variation in a patient with Kleefstra syndrome.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2023Article
- Loss of Ribosomal Protein Paralog Rpl22-like1 Blocks Lymphoid Development without Affecting Protein Synthesis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Repetitive DNA Sequences in the Human Y Chromosome and Male Infertility.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Proteostasis regulated by testis-specific ribosomal protein RPL39L maintains mouse spermatogenesis.iScience · 2021Article
- Ribosome heterogeneity and specialization in development.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA · 2021Review
- High resolution RNA-seq profiling of genes encoding ribosomal proteins across different organs and developmental stages inPlant direct · 2021Article
- Human AZFb deletions cause distinct testicular pathologies depending on their extensions in Yq11 and the Y haplogroup: new cases and review of literature.Cell & bioscience · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Y chromosome of mammals is particularly prone to accumulate genes related to male fertility. However, the high rate of molecular evolution on this chromosome predicts reduced power to the across-species comparative approach in identifying male-specific genes that are essential for sperm production in humans. We performed a comprehensive analysis of expression of Y-linked transcripts and their X homologues in several human tissues, and in biopsies of infertile patients, in an attempt to identify new testis-specific genes involved in human spermatogenesis.
resultsWe present evidence that one of the primate-specific Y-linked ribosomal protein genes, RPS4Y2, has restricted expression in testis and prostate, in contrast with its X-linked homologue, which is ubiquitously expressed. Moreover, we have determined by highly specific quantitative real time PCR that RPS4Y2 is more highly expressed in testis biopsies containing germ cells. The in silico analysis of the promoter region of RPS4Y2 revealed several differences relative to RPS4Y1, the more widely expressed paralogue from which Y2 has originated through duplication. Finally, through comparative modelling we obtained the three dimensional models of the human S4 proteins, revealing a conserved structure. Interestingly, RPS4Y2 shows different inter-domain contacts and the potential to establish specific interactions.
conclusionsThese results suggest that one of the Y-linked copies of the ribosomal protein S4 is preferentially expressed during spermatogenesis and might be important for germ cell development. Even though RPS4Y2 has accumulated several amino acid changes following its duplication from RPS4Y1, approximately 35 million years ago, the evolution of the Y-encoded RPS4 proteins is structurally constrained. However, the exclusive expression pattern of RPS4Y2 and the novelties acquired at the C-terminus of the protein may indicate some degree of functional specialisation of this protein in spermatogenesis.
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