Trial reportJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2010
Classical cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil chemotherapy is more effective in triple-negative, node-negative breast cancer: results from two randomized trials of adjuvant chemoendocrine therapy for node-negative breast cancer.
Trial report in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Low-Dose Oral Cyclophosphamide and Methotrexate Maintenance for Hormone Receptor-Negative Early Breast Cancer: International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 22-00.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2016Trial
- Prospective study of cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, carboplatin combined with adoptive DC-CIK followed by metronomic cyclophosphamide therapy as salvage treatment for triple negative metastatic breast cancers patients (aged <45).Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2016Trial
- Phase II trial of neoadjuvant weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel, carboplatin, and biweekly bevacizumab therapy in women with clinical stage II or III HER2-negative breast cancer.Clinical breast cancer · 2014Trial
- Patterns of Recurrence and outcome according to breast cancer subtypes in lymph node-negative disease: results from international breast cancer study group trials VIII and IX.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2013Trial
- Triple-negative breast cancer: multipronged approach, single-arm pilot phase II study.Cancer medicine · 2012Trial
- Responsiveness of intrinsic subtypes to adjuvant anthracycline substitution in the NCIC.CTG MA.5 randomized trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2012Trial
- Long-term results of International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial VIII: adjuvant chemotherapy plus goserelin compared with either therapy alone for premenopausal patients with node-negative breast cancer.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2011Trial
- Differential efficacy of three cycles of CMF followed by tamoxifen in patients with ER-positive and ER-negative tumors: long-term follow up on IBCSG Trial IX.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2011Trial
- Correlation of microarray-based breast cancer molecular subtypes and clinical outcomes: implications for treatment optimization.BMC cancer · 2011Trial
- Modeling optimal timing of immunotherapy and chemotherapy to prevent resistance and recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Targeting Key Molecular Mechanisms in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapies with Natural Compounds.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Enhanced ETS1 stability by DNAPKcs orchestrates transcriptional changes during chemoresistance in triple negative breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Preclinical evaluation of sodium copper chlorophyllin: safety, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic potential in breast cancer chemotherapy and cyclophosphamide-induced bladder toxicity.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy Treatment for Triple Negative Breast Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Patterns of Failure in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients in an Urban, Predominately Black Population.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2021Article
- Dormant Tumor Cell Vaccination: A Mathematical Model of Immunological Dormancy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2021Article
- Effects of folic acid withdrawal on transcriptomic profiles in murine triple-negative breast cancer cell lines.Biochimie · 2020Article
- Overview of Dual-Acting Drug Methotrexate in Different Neurological Diseases, Autoimmune Pathologies and Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Prolonged Time to Adjuvant Chemotherapy Initiation Was Associated with Worse Disease Outcome in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeRetrospective studies suggest that primary breast cancers lacking estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and not overexpressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; triple-negative tumors) are particularly sensitive to DNA-damaging chemotherapy with alkylating agents. PATIENTS AND
methodsPatients enrolled in International Breast Cancer Study Group Trials VIII and IX with node-negative, operable breast cancer and centrally assessed ER, PR, and HER2 were included (n = 2,257). The trials compared three or six courses of adjuvant classical cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) with or without endocrine therapy versus endocrine therapy alone. We explored patterns of recurrence by treatment according to three immunohistochemically defined tumor subtypes: triple negative, HER2 positive and endocrine receptor absent, and endocrine receptor present.
resultsPatients with triple-negative tumors (303 patients; 13%) were significantly more likely to have tumors > 2 cm and grade 3 compared with those in the HER2-positive, endocrine receptor-absent, and endocrine receptor-present subtypes. No clear chemotherapy benefit was observed in endocrine receptor-present disease (hazard ratio [HR], 0.90; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.11). A statistically significantly greater benefit for chemotherapy versus no chemotherapy was observed in triple-negative breast cancer (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.73; interaction P = .009 v endocrine receptor-present disease). The magnitude of the chemotherapy effect was lower in HER2-positive endocrine receptor-absent disease (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.17; interaction P = .24 v endocrine receptor-present disease).
conclusionThe magnitude of benefit of CMF chemotherapy is largest in patients with triple-negative, node-negative breast cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.