ReviewClinical endocrinology2011
Targeted biological therapies for Graves' disease and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Focus on B-cell depletion with Rituximab.
Review in Clinical endocrinology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intraorbital injection of rituximab versus high dose of systemic glucocorticoids in the treatment of thyroid-associated orbitopathy.Endocrine · 2015Trial
- The Relevance and Potential Role of Orbital Fat in Inflammatory Orbital Diseases: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- Use of Rituximab After Orbital Decompression Surgery in Two Grave's Ophthalmopathy Patients Progressing to Optic Neuropathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Article
- Exophthalmos and multinodular goitre, an unusual combination.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports · 2019Article
- Frequency of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells associated with disease activity in thyroid-associated orbitopathy.International journal of ophthalmology · 2018Article
- Nonthionamide Drugs for the Treatment of Hyperthyroidism: From Present to Future.International journal of endocrinology · 2018Review
- Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2017Review
- Relevance of TSH-receptor antibody levels in predicting disease course in Graves' orbitopathy: comparison of the third-generation TBII assay and Mc4-TSI bioassay.Eye (London, England) · 2013Article
- Impact of methimazole treatment on magnesium concentration and lymphocytes activation in adolescents with Graves' disease.Biological trace element research · 2013Article
- Rituximab therapy in steroid-resistant severe hypothyroid Grave's ophthalmopathy.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism · 2013Article
- Emerging pharmacotherapy for treatment of Graves' disease.Expert review of clinical pharmacology · 2012Article
- Is Thyroid Autoimmunity per se a Determinant of Quality of Life in Patients with Autoimmune Hypothyroidism?European thyroid journal · 2012Article
- Treating Graves' orbitopathy: where are we?Endocrine · 2012Article
- Autoimmunity and Graves' disease.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2012Review
- Selective inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta: modulators of B-cell function with potential for treating autoimmune inflammatory diseases and B-cell malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
- Systemic adverse events following rituximab therapy in patients with Graves' disease.Journal of endocrinological investigationArticle
- Progress in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and new drug development.Taiwan journal of ophthalmologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Based on experience from the treatment of other autoimmune diseases and because of the limitations imposed by existing therapeutic options for Graves' disease (GD) and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), rituximab (RTX) was recently proposed as a novel therapy option. Here, we summarize the rationale for using RTX; give an overview of the possible mechanisms of action; and give an account of its effects and side-effects when used in GD and TAO. Scant evidence, originating from only a few methodologically inhomogeneous studies, suggests that RTX may prolong remission for hyperthyroidism over that seen with antithyroid drugs, at least in mild GD. Furthermore, in patients with TAO, who are unresponsive to conventional immunosuppressive therapy, RTX seems efficacious. As we wait for larger-scale randomized studies, RTX, should be considered experimental and reserved for patients who do not respond favourably to conventional therapy. It is the first in what is likely to be a series of new and emerging treatments specifically targeting relevant components of the immune system. Further studies will hopefully lead to improved and better tailored, individualized therapy for GD and especially TAO.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.