ArticlePloS one2010
A novel highly reproducible and lethal nonhuman primate model for orthopox virus infection.
Article in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Marmosets as models of infectious diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Review
- Orthopoxvirus Zoonoses-Do We Still Remember and Are Ready to Fight?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Cowpox Viruses: A Zoo Full of Viral Diversity and Lurking Threats.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Marmosets: Welfare, Ethical Use, and IACUC/Regulatory Considerations.ILAR journal · 2020Review
- IMVAMUNEVaccines · 2020Article
- Drug Development against Smallpox: Present and Future.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Review
- Article
- Three asymptomatic animal infection models of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by hantaviruses.PloS one · 2019Article
- Review
- Review
- Article
- Limited susceptibility of rhesus macaques to a cowpox virus isolated from a lethal outbreak among New World monkeys.Primate biology · 2017Article
- Exposure of rhesus monkeys to cowpox virus Brighton Red by large-particle aerosol droplets results in an upper respiratory tract disease.The Journal of general virology · 2016Article
- Small particle aerosol inoculation of cowpox Brighton Red in rhesus monkeys results in a severe respiratory disease.Virology · 2015Article
- Evaluation of virus inactivation by formaldehyde to enhance biosafety of diagnostic electron microscopy.Viruses · 2015Article
- Susceptibility of Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to Monkeypox Virus: A Low Dose Prospective Model for Monkeypox and Smallpox Disease.PloS one · 2015Article
- Comparative experimental subcutaneous glanders and melioidosis in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).International journal of experimental pathology · 2014Article
- Fatal monkeypox in wild-living sooty mangabey, Côte d'Ivoire, 2012.Emerging infectious diseases · 2014Article
- Exploring the innate immunological response of an alternative nonhuman primate model of infectious disease; the common marmoset.Journal of immunology research · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The intentional re-introduction of Variola virus (VARV), the agent of smallpox, into the human population is of great concern due its bio-terroristic potential. Moreover, zoonotic infections with Cowpox (CPXV) and Monkeypox virus (MPXV) cause severe diseases in humans. Smallpox vaccines presently available can have severe adverse effects that are no longer acceptable. The efficacy and safety of new vaccines and antiviral drugs for use in humans can only be demonstrated in animal models. The existing nonhuman primate models, using VARV and MPXV, need very high viral doses that have to be applied intravenously or intratracheally to induce a lethal infection in macaques. To overcome these drawbacks, the infectivity and pathogenicity of a particular CPXV was evaluated in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).A CPXV named calpox virus was isolated from a lethal orthopox virus (OPV) outbreak in New World monkeys. We demonstrated that marmosets infected with calpox virus, not only via the intravenous but also the intranasal route, reproducibly develop symptoms resembling smallpox in humans. Infected animals died within 1-3 days after onset of symptoms, even when very low infectious viral doses of 5x10(2) pfu were applied intranasally. Infectious virus was demonstrated in blood, saliva and all organs analyzed.We present the first characterization of a new OPV infection model inducing a disease in common marmosets comparable to smallpox in humans. Intranasal virus inoculation mimicking the natural route of smallpox infection led to reproducible infection. In vivo titration resulted in an MID(50) (minimal monkey infectious dose 50%) of 8.3x10(2) pfu of calpox virus which is approximately 10,000-fold lower than MPXV and VARV doses applied in the macaque models. Therefore, the calpox virus/marmoset model is a suitable nonhuman primate model for the validation of vaccines and antiviral drugs. Furthermore, this model can help study mechanisms of OPV pathogenesis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.