ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2010
Regrowth of potential opportunistic pathogens and algae in reclaimed-water distribution systems.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- From the Reclaimed Water Treatment Plant to Irrigation in Intensive Agriculture Farms: Assessment of the Fate of Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria and Genes, and Microbial Pathogens at Real Scale.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Article
- Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Antibiotic-ResistantEnvironmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Knowledge to Predict Pathogens:Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Metagenomic-based surveillance systems for antibiotic resistance in non-clinical settings.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Legionella and other opportunistic pathogens in full-scale chloraminated municipal drinking water distribution systems.Water research · 2021Article
- Bacterial viability and diversity in a landscape lake replenished with reclaimed water: a case study in Xi'an, China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
- An Update on the GenusMicroorganisms · 2020Review
- Linking Microbial Community Composition in Treated Wastewater with Water Quality in Distribution Systems and Subsequent Health Effects.Microorganisms · 2019Review
- Conventional wastewater treatment and reuse site practices modify bacterial community structure but do not eliminate some opportunistic pathogens in reclaimed water.The Science of the total environment · 2018Article
- Sources and contamination routes of microbial pathogens to fresh produce during field cultivation: A review.Food microbiology · 2018Review
- Long-Term Effects of Residual Chlorine onFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Controlling Bacterial Pathogens in Water for Reuse: Treatment Technologies for Water Recirculation in the Blue Diversion Autarky Toilet.Frontiers in environmental science · 2017Article
- Coagulation increased the growth potential of various species bacteria of the effluent of a MBR for the treatment of domestic wastewater.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
- Evaluation of the microbiological quality of reclaimed water produced from a lagooning system.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2016Article
- Occurrence and Control of Legionella in Recycled Water Systems.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2015Review
- Occupational exposure to Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. among spray irrigation workers using reclaimed water.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2014Article
- Detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) at four U.S. wastewater treatment plants that provide effluent for reuse.The Science of the total environment · 2014Article
- Determination of fecal contamination origin in reclaimed water open-air ponds using biochemical fingerprinting of enterococci and fecal coliforms.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A study of the quality of reclaimed water in treated effluent, after storage, and at three points in the distribution system of four plants in California, Florida, Massachusetts, and New York was conducted for 1 year. The plants had different treatment processes (conventional versus membrane bioreactor), production capacities, and methods for storage of the water, and the intended end uses of the water were different. The analysis focused on the occurrence of indicator bacteria (heterotrophic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and enterococci) and opportunistic pathogens (Aeromonas spp., enteropathogenic E. coli O157:H7, Legionella spp., Mycobacterium spp., and Pseudomonas spp.), as well as algae. Using immunological methods, E. coli O157:H7 was detected in the effluent of only one system, but it was not detected at the sampling points, suggesting that its survival in the system was poor. Although all of the treatment systems effectively reduced the levels of bacteria in the effluent, bacteria regrew in the reservoir and distribution systems because of the loss of residual disinfectant and high assimilable organic carbon levels. In the systems with open reservoirs, algal growth reduced the water quality by increasing the turbidity and accumulating at the end of the distribution system. Opportunistic pathogens, notably Aeromonas, Legionella, Mycobacterium, and Pseudomonas, occurred more frequently than indicator bacteria (enterococci, coliforms, and E. coli). The Mycobacterium spp. were very diverse and occurred most frequently in membrane bioreactor systems, and Mycobacterium cookii was identified more often than the other species. The public health risk associated with these opportunistic pathogens in reclaimed water is unknown. Collectively, our results show the need to develop best management practices for reclaimed water to control bacterial regrowth and degradation of water before it is utilized at the point of use.
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