ArticlePsychological medicine2011
Ageing, social class and common mental disorders: longitudinal evidence from three cohorts in the West of Scotland.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Utilising quantitative methods to study the intersectionality of multiple social disadvantages in women with common mental disorders: a systematic review.International journal for equity in health · 2023Pooled it
- Navigating the medical journey: Insights into medical students' psychological wellbeing, coping, and personality.PloS one · 2025Article
- Racial inequalities in mental healthcare use and mortality: a cross-sectional analysis of 1.2 million low-income individuals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2010-2016.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Burnout, self-rated general health and life satisfaction among teachers and other academic occupational groups.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic inequality in depression and anxiety and its determinants in Iranian older adults.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
- Indigenous population and major depressive disorder in later life: a study based on the data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Social contact and inequalities in depressive symptoms and loneliness among older adults: A mediation analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.SSM - population health · 2021Article
- When investigating depression and anxiety in undergraduate medical students timing of assessment is an important factor - a multicentre cross-sectional study.BMC medical education · 2020Article
- Languishing in the crossroad? A scoping review of intersectional inequalities in mental health.International journal for equity in health · 2019Article
- Timing of poverty in childhood and adolescent health: Evidence from the US and UK.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2018Article
- The emergence of health inequalities in early adulthood: evidence on timing and mechanisms from a West of Scotland cohort.BMC public health · 2016Article
- Social class and gender patterning of insomnia symptoms and psychiatric distress: a 20-year prospective cohort study.BMC psychiatry · 2014Article
- The development of socioeconomic inequalities in anxiety and depression symptoms over the lifecourse.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2013Article
- Socioeconomic position and adolescent trajectories in smoking, drinking, and psychiatric distress.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2013Article
- Common mental disorders and mortality in the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: comparing the General Health Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2013Article
- Psychiatric comorbidity and functioning in a clinically referred population of adults with autism spectrum disorders: a comparative study.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2013Article
- Social and geographical inequalities in suicide in Japan from 1975 through 2005: a census-based longitudinal analysis.PloS one · 2013Article
- Socioeconomic pathways to depressive symptoms in adulthood: evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2012Article
- Article
- Prevalence and persistence of depression among undergraduate medical students: a longitudinal study at one UK medical school.BMJ open · 2012Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding how common mental disorders such as anxiety and depression vary with socio-economic circumstances as people age can help to identify key intervention points. However, much research treats these conditions as a single disorder when they differ significantly in terms of their disease burden. This paper examines the socio-economic pattern of anxiety and depression separately and longitudinally to develop a better understanding of their disease burden for key social groups at different ages.
methodThe Twenty-07 Study has followed 4510 respondents from three cohorts in the West of Scotland for 20 years and 3846 respondents had valid data for these analyses. Hierarchical repeated-measures models were used to investigate the relationship between age, social class and the prevalence of anxiety and depression over time measured as scores of 8 or more out of 21 on the relevant subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
resultsSocial class differences in anxiety and depression widened with age. For anxiety there was a nonlinear decrease in prevalence with age, decreasing more slowly for those from manual classes compared to non-manual, whereas for depression there was a non-linear increase in prevalence with age, increasing more quickly for those from manual classes compared to non-manual. This relationship is robust to cohort, period and attrition effects.
conclusionsThe more burdensome disorder of depression occurs more frequently at ages where socio-economic inequalities in mental health are greatest, representing a 'double jeopardy' for older people from a manual class.
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