ArticleNature2010
Modulation of Shigella virulence in response to available oxygen in vivo.
Article in Nature, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 187 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
187 citing papers in PubMed, 316 citations in OpenAlex.
- EnterotoxigenicProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Trial
- Type III secretion system chaperones: a helping hand for secretion.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2026Review
- EnterohemorrhagiciScience · 2026Article
- Feeding the invaders: how metabolic imbalance shapes infection and biofilm development.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Fumarate and nitrate reduction regulator (FNR) modulates hypermucoviscosity and virulence in hypervirulentVirulence · 2025Article
- Cross-kingdom dialogs in the gut: Integrating bacterial pathogens, helminths, and microbiota interactions for immune homeostasis.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- Article
- Environmental factors drive bacterial degradation of gastrointestinal mucus.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- OFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- The dynamic distribution of the rectal microbiota in Holstein dairy calves provides a framework for understanding early-life gut health.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2024Article
- SPATEs promote the survival ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Fusobacterium nucleatum infection modulates the transcriptome and epigenome of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells in an oxygen-dependent manner.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Epithelial Cell Infection Analyses with Shigella.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2024Article
- Current understandings of colibactin regulation.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2024Review
- (p)ppGpp is required for virulence ofInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Saccharomyces boulardii promoters for control of gene expression in vivo.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
- Ascorbate deficiency increases progression of shigellosis in guinea pigs and mice infection models.Gut microbes · 2023Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2023Review
127 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bacteria coordinate expression of virulence determinants in response to localized microenvironments in their hosts. Here we show that Shigella flexneri, which causes dysentery, encounters varying oxygen concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract, which govern activity of its type three secretion system (T3SS). The T3SS is essential for cell invasion and virulence. In anaerobic environments (for example, the gastrointestinal tract lumen), Shigella is primed for invasion and expresses extended T3SS needles while reducing Ipa (invasion plasmid antigen) effector secretion. This is mediated by FNR (fumarate and nitrate reduction), a regulator of anaerobic metabolism that represses transcription of spa32 and spa33, virulence genes that regulate secretion through the T3SS. We demonstrate there is a zone of relative oxygenation adjacent to the gastrointestinal tract mucosa, caused by diffusion from the capillary network at the tips of villi. This would reverse the anaerobic block of Ipa secretion, allowing T3SS activation at its precise site of action, enhancing invasion and virulence.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.