ArticleJournal of neuroimmunology2010
A high cholesterol diet elevates hippocampal cytokine expression in an age and estrogen-dependent manner in female rats.
Article in Journal of neuroimmunology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypercholesterolemia Duration and Brain Area Determine Inflammatory Response Intensity and Apoptotic Mediator Activation in Apo ECellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Effect of a High-Energy Diet on Body Composition, Gut Microbiota, and Inflammatory Markers in Rats.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Prevention of multiple system atrophy using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by reducing polyamine and cholesterol-induced neural damages.Stem cell research & therapy · 2020Article
- The histone deacetylase inhibitor, sodium butyrate, exhibits neuroprotective effects for ischemic stroke in middle-aged female rats.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2016Article
- Menopause, obesity and inflammation: interactive risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2015Review
- Prenatal nicotine exposure enhances Cx43 and Panx1 unopposed channel activity in brain cells of adult offspring mice fed a high-fat/cholesterol diet.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2014Article
- Effects on high cholesterol-fed to liver, retina, hippocampus, and Harderian gland in Goto-Kakizaki rat.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2013Article
- Age-related severity of focal ischemia in female rats is associated with impaired astrocyte function.Neurobiology of aging · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhile the effects of a proatherogenic diet have been widely studied in the context of systemic inflammation, much less is known about its effects on central or brain inflammation and its modulation with age. In this study, we examined the effect of a high cholesterol/choline diet in adult and older acyclic females to assess its impact on systemic and central inflammatory markers. Moreover, since the loss of ovarian hormones at menopause may predispose women to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, we also tested the impact of estrogen replacement to adult and older females in diet-induced inflammation.
methodsOvariectomized adult female rats and older (reproductive senescent) female rats were replaced with estrogen or a control pellet and maintained thereafter on a diet containing either 4% cholesterol/1% choline or control chow for 10 weeks. Interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) expression in the liver was used as a marker of systemic inflammation, while a panel of cytokine/chemokines were used to examine the effects of diet on the hippocampus.
resultsIL-1beta expression was elevated in the liver of adult and reproductive senescent females fed with the high cholesterol diet, although this was restricted to groups that were ovariectomized and not replaced with estrogen. Estrogen-treated animals of both ages did not have elevated IL-1beta levels when fed the high cholesterol diet. Diet-induced changes in cytokine/chemokine expression in the hippocampus however were critically age dependent and restricted to the reproductive senescent females. In this group, the high cholesterol diet led to an increase in interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-13, RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). Moreover, estrogen treatment to reproductive senescent females suppressed diet-induced expression of specific cytokines (RANTES, VEGF, IL-6) and attenuated the expression of others (IL-4, IL-12p70, and IL-13).
conclusionsThese data indicate that a proatherogenic diet presents a significant risk for central inflammation in older females that are deprived of estrogen treatment.
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