ArticleAIDS research and human retroviruses2010
HIV-specific TGF-beta-positive CD4+ T cells do not express regulatory surface markers and are regulated by CTLA-4.
Article in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Serum Cytokines and TGF-β1: A Window into Syphilis Among People Living with HIV.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- So Pathogenic or So What?-A Brief Overview of SIV Pathogenesis with an Emphasis on Cure Research.Viruses · 2022Review
- Challenges and Opportunities of Therapies Targeting Early Life Immunity for Pediatric HIV Cure.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- HIV-1 proteins gp120 and tat induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral and genital mucosal epithelial cells.PloS one · 2019Article
- Regulatory T Cells As Potential Targets for HIV Cure Research.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Transforming growth factor-β1 regulated phosphorylated AKT and interferon gamma expressions are associated with epithelial cell survival in rhesus macaque colon explants.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2015Article
- Effect of ipilimumab on the HIV reservoir in an HIV-infected individual with metastatic melanoma.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Article
- Understanding HIV latency: the road to an HIV cure.Annual review of medicine · 2015Review
- Molecular signatures of T-cell inhibition in HIV-1 infection.Retrovirology · 2013Review
- Epidemiology and interactions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus - 1 and Schistosoma mansoni in sub-Saharan Africa.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2013Article
- Antiviral mode of action of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.BMC research notes · 2011Article
- Cooperative regulation of NOTCH1 protein-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling by NOD1, NOD2, and TLR2 receptors renders enhanced refractoriness to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)- or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-mediated impairment of human dendritic cell maturation.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2011Article
- Frequency of CD4+ regulatory T cells, CD8+ T cells, and human papilloma virus infection in Egyptian Women with breast cancer.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologyArticle
- Foxo3a: an integrator of immune dysfunction during HIV infection.Cytokine & growth factor reviewsReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
CD4(+) T cell dysfunction in HIV-1 infection is associated with increased CTLA-4 and TGF-beta expression. In this study we described a population of TGF-beta-positive CD4(+) T cells with multiple HIV specificities. These HIV-specific TGF-beta-positive CD4(+) T cells did not display the immunophenotypic patterns traditionally attributed to regulatory CD4(+) T cells. TGF-beta-positive CD4(+) T cells were FOXP3 negative, CD25 negative, and displayed a heterogeneous surface expression of CD127. We also examined one potential mechanism for regulating TGF-beta expression by HIV-specific CD4(+) T cells. Blocking of the TGF-beta receptor II led to increased HIV-specific IFN-gamma-positive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses. Interestingly, HIV-specific TGF-beta-positive CD4(+) T cells did not substantially express CTLA-4. Nevertheless, CTLA-4 blockade resulted in a significant decrease in HIV-specific TGF-beta-positive CD4(+) T cell responses, and a concomitant increase in HIV-specific IFN-gamma-positive CD4(+) T cell responses. Our study proposes a mechanism by which HIV-specific TGF-beta production may be regulated by CTLA-4 engagement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.