ArticleOphthalmology and eye diseases2009
Stratification of Antigen-presenting Cells within the Normal Cornea.
Article in Ophthalmology and eye diseases, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early corneal nerve fibre damage and increased Langerhans cell density in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Immune cell dynamics and cytokine regulation in cornea and transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Antagonizing Viral MicroRNAs Reduces Ocular HSV-1 Pathogenesis and Enhances Mucosal Immune Homeostasis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- M2a Macrophage-Dominant Microenvironment in Inflammation Attenuation and Wound Healing of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Redefining our vision: an updated guide to the ocular immune system.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Analysis of the ocular surface functional unit in episodic migraine.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- The miR-183/96/182 cluster is a checkpoint for resident immune cells and shapes the cellular landscape of the cornea.The ocular surface · 2023Article
- Redefining the human corneal immune compartment using dynamic intravital imaging.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Immune Fingerprint in Diabetes: Ocular Surface and Retinal Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Novel characterization of CXCR4 expressing cells in uninfected and herpes simplex virus-1 infected corneas.The ocular surface · 2023Article
- Corneal dendritic cells in diabetes mellitus: A narrative review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Laser-induced microinjury of the corneal basal epithelium and imaging of resident macrophage responses in a live, whole-eye preparation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Enhanced immune responses to vaccine antigens in the corneal stroma.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2023Article
- Topical antibiotics reduce CD11c+ cell numbers in the healthy murine cornea and modulate their response to contact lens wear.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Corneal Epithelium-Derived Netrin-1 Alleviates Dry Eye Disease via Regulating Dendritic Cell Activation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Presence of Protease Inhibitor 9 and Granzyme B in Healthy and Pathological Human Corneas.Biology · 2022Article
- The effect of topical decorin on temporal changes to corneal immune cells after epithelial abrasion.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Immunology and Donor-Specific Antibodies in Corneal Transplantation.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2021Review
- Corneal Immune Cells Are Increased in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The composition and location of professional antigen presenting cells (APC) varies in different mucosal surfaces. The cornea, long considered an immune-privileged tissue devoid of APCs, is now known to host a heterogeneous network of bone marrow-derived cells. Here, we utilized transgenic mice that express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) from the CD11c promoter (pCD11c) in conjunction with immunohistochemical staining to demonstrate an interesting stratification of APCs within non-inflamed murine corneas. pCD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs) reside in the basal epithelium, seemingly embedded in the basement membrane. Most DCs express MHC class II on at least some dendrites, which extend up to 50 µm in length and traverse up 20 µm tangentially towards the apical surface of the epithelium. The DC density diminishes from peripheral to central cornea. Beneath the DCs and adjacent to the stromal side of the basement membrane reside pCD11c(-) CD11b(+) putative macrophages that express low levels of MHC class II. Finally, MHC class II(-)pCD11c(-) CD11b(+) cells form a network throughout the remainder of the stroma. This highly reproducible stratification of bone marrow-derived cells is suggestive of a progression from an APC function at the exposed corneal surface to an innate immune barrier function deeper in the stroma.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.