ReviewCirculation research2010
Activation of protein kinase C isoforms and its impact on diabetic complications.
Review in Circulation research, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05095922 (Effect of Heart-Protecting Musk Pill on Diabetic Microangiopaemia in Type 2 Diabetes Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 470 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Heart-Protecting Musk Pill on Diabetic Microangiopaemia in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Who cites it
470 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 962 citations in OpenAlex.
- Implications of Diabetes-Induced Altered Metabolites on Retinal Neurodegeneration.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Decreased inflammatory gene expression accompanies the improvement of liver enzyme and lipid profile following aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation in T2DM patients.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Trial
- Systemic Diseases and the Eye: A Translational Perspective on Diabetes.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Exploring the renoprotective potential of Beta vulgaris in diabetic nephropathy: an integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking and dynamics simulation study.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Deficiency of protein kinase Cδ reprograms macrophage immunometabolism to suppress pyroptosis and stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- [Exploration of the mechanisms of portal hypertension driven by metabolic disorders in non-cirrhotic stages of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Review
- Actin Cytoskeleton Dysregulation Links Testicular and Sperm Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Diabetic retinopathy: shaped by the "hidden hand" of post-translational modifications.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Reactive oxygen species in thoracic aortic dissection: Insights into mechanisms and disease progression.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Abnormally Elevated PKCδ Delays Diabetic Wound Healing by Inhibiting the GAD1-GABA Pathway.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Article
- Angiogenic Gene Therapy for Lower Extremity Ischemia: Experimental Advances and Clinical Experience.Cells · 2026Review
- Retinal blood flow increases with diabetic retinopathy severity in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study using laser doppler velocimetry.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Models of hyperglycaemia in diabetes mellitus and its complications.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Redox Imbalance in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanistic Insights, Emerging Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular basis of allosteric regulation and pharmaceutical targeting of protein kinase Cβ.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- New Opportunities Beyond Intensive Insulin Therapy for Improving Vascular Health of People Living With Type 1 Diabetes.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Podocyte TLR4 deletion alleviates diabetic kidney disease through prohibiting PKCδ/SHP-1-dependent ER stress and relieving podocyte damage and inflammation.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Targeting Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Neuropathy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
410 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Both cardio- and microvascular complications adversely affect the life quality of patients with diabetes and have been the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in this population. Cardiovascular pathologies of diabetes have an effect on microvenules, arteries, and myocardium. It is believed that hyperglycemia is one of the most important metabolic factors in the development of both micro- and macrovascular complications in diabetic patients. Several prominent hypotheses exist to explain the adverse effect of hyperglycemia. One of them is the chronic activation by hyperglycemia of protein kinase (PK)C, a family of enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins. PKC has been associated with vascular alterations such as increases in permeability, contractility, extracellular matrix synthesis, cell growth and apoptosis, angiogenesis, leukocyte adhesion, and cytokine activation and inhibition. These perturbations in vascular cell homeostasis caused by different PKC isoforms (PKC-alpha, -beta1/2, and PKC-delta) are linked to the development of pathologies affecting large vessel (atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy) and small vessel (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) complications. Clinical trials using a PKC-beta isoform inhibitor have been conducted, with some positive results for diabetic nonproliferative retinopathy, nephropathy, and endothelial dysfunction. This article reviews present understanding of how PKC isoforms cause vascular dysfunctions and pathologies in diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.