ArticlePhysical therapy2010
Trunk and hip muscle activation patterns are different during walking in young children with and without cerebral palsy.
Article in Physical therapy, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of a 'Core Stability' Physiotherapy Group Intervention Programme on Balance in Ambulant Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomised Control Trial
The Effect of Upper Limb Loading With External Weights During Partial Body Weight Support Treadmill Training on Gait and Trunk Control in Ambulatory Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of Lower Limb Active Movement Training in Individuals With Spastic Type Cerebral Palsy on Neuromuscular Control Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of arm ergometer versus stabilization exercises on trunk control and pper extremity functions in children with diplegia: a randomized controlled trial.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Trial
- Quadrupedal training approaches in post-stroke rehabilitation: a scoping review of evidence, mechanisms, and clinical applications.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2026Review
- Gluteus medius muscle activation patterns during gait with Cerebral Palsy (CP): A hierarchical clustering analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Trunk postural reactions to the force perturbation intensity and frequency during sitting astride in children with cerebral palsy.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- Comparing the Lower-Limb Muscle Activation Patterns of Simulated Walking Using an End-Effector-Type Robot with Real Level and Stair Walking in Children with Spastic Bilateral Cerebral Palsy.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Comparison of the forward and sideways locomotor patterns in children with Cerebral Palsy.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Neuromuscular Control before and after Independent Walking Onset in Children with Cerebral Palsy.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Early Development of Locomotor Patterns and Motor Control in Very Young Children at High Risk of Cerebral Palsy, a Longitudinal Case Series.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- Immature Spinal Locomotor Output in Children with Cerebral Palsy.Frontiers in physiology · 2016Article
- Effects of Task-oriented Activities Based on Neurodevelopmental Therapy Principles on Trunk Control, Balance, and Gross Motor Function in Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Single-blinded Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of pediatric neurosciencesArticle
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5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPoor control of postural muscles is a primary impairment in people with cerebral palsy (CP).
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the timing characteristics of trunk and hip muscle activity during walking in young children with CP compared with children with typical development (TD).
methodsThirty-one children (16 with TD, 15 with CP) with an average of 28.5 months of walking experience participated in this observational study. Electromyographic data were collected from 16 trunk and hip muscles as participants walked at a self-selected pace. A custom-written computer program determined onset and offset of activity. Activation and coactivation data were analyzed for group differences.
resultsThe children with CP had greater total activation and coactivation for all muscles except the external oblique muscle and differences in the timing of activation for all muscles compared with the TD group. The implications of the observed muscle activation patterns are discussed in reference to existing postural control literature. LIMITATIONS: The potential influence of recording activity from adjacent deep trunk muscles is discussed, as well as the influence of the use of an assistive device by some children with CP.
conclusionsYoung children with CP demonstrate excessive, nonreciprocal trunk and hip muscle activation during walking compared with children with TD. Future studies should investigate the efficacy of treatments to reduce excessive muscle activity and improve coordination of postural muscles in CP.
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