ReviewCarcinogenesis2010
Models of carcinogenesis: an overview.
Review in Carcinogenesis, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- Somatic mutation and selection at population scale.Nature · 2025Article
- Parallel and convergent dynamics in the evolution of primary breast and lung adenocarcinomas.Communications biology · 2025Article
- From precursor to cancer: decoding the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia progression.Carcinogenesis · 2024Review
- Multistage carcinogenesis in occupational cholangiocarcinoma: the impact of clonal expansion and risk estimation.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2024Article
- Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Oncogenic Fatty Acid Metabolism Rewires Energy Supply Chain in Gastric Carcinogenesis.Gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Cancer cell plasticity, stem cell factors, and therapy resistance: how are they linked?Cancer metastasis reviews · 2024Review
- An evolutionary perspective for the exposome.Exposome · 2024Article
- Exposures to pesticides and risk of cancer: Evaluation of recent epidemiological evidence in humans and paths forward.International journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Clonal hematopoiesis, somatic mosaicism, and age-associated disease.Physiological reviews · 2023Review
- Gibbs process distinguishes survival and reveals contact-inhibition genes in Glioblastoma multiforme.PloS one · 2023Article
- Revisiting Epithelial Carcinogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Molecular fusion events in carcinogenic organisms: a bioinformatics study for the detection of fused proteins between viruses, bacteria and eukaryotes.EMBnet.journal · 2022Article
- A one-dimensional parameter-free model for carcinogenesis in gene expression space.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Mutation or not, what directly establishes a neoplastic state, namely cellular immortality and autonomy, still remains unknown and should be prioritized in our research.Journal of Cancer · 2022Review
- Critical Parameters in Dynamic Network Modeling of Sepsis.Frontiers in network physiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Modeling Tumor Disease and Sepsis by Networks of Adaptively Coupled Phase Oscillators.Frontiers in network physiology · 2021Article
- Crystal structure of death-associated protein kinase 1 in complex with the dietary compound resveratrol.IUCrJ · 2021Article
- Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
At least five coherent models of carcinogenesis have been proposed in the history of cancer research in the last century. Model 1 is mainly centered around mutations, and its main focus is on the chemical environment, radiation and viruses. Model 2 has to do mainly with genome instability and it focuses on familiality. Model 3 is based on non-genotoxic mechanisms, and clonal expansion and epigenetics are its main features. We propose a fourth model, which can encompass the previous three, based on the concept of a 'Darwinian' cell selection (we clarify that the term Darwinian needs to be used cautiously, being a short cut for 'somatic cellular selection'). Finally, a fifth model has recently become popular, based on the concept of 'tissue organization'. We describe examples of the five models and how they have been formalized mathematically. The five models largely overlap, both scientifically and historically, but for the sake of clarity, it is useful to treat them separately. We also argue that the five models can be included into a simpler scheme, i.e. two types of models: (i) biological changes in the epithelium alone lead to malignancy and (ii) changes in stroma/extracellular matrix are necessary (along with changes in epithelium) for malignancy. Our description, though simplified, looks realistic, it is able to capture the historical sequence of carcinogenesis theories in the last century and can serve as a frame to make research hypotheses more explicit.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.