Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2010
Fortification of orange juice with vitamin D(2) or vitamin D(3) is as effective as an oral supplement in maintaining vitamin D status in adults.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 67 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Bioavailability of Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 in Supplements Compared to Vitamin D3 and Vitamin D2 in Fortified Orange Juice
The Influence of Food Matrix Delivery System on the Bioavailability of Vitamin D3
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 184 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the Effect of Daily Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration (Total 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D2, and 25(OH)D3) and Importance of Body Mass Index: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Relative Efficacy of Vitamin DNutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Individual participant data (IPD)-level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with vitamin D-fortified foods to estimate Dietary Reference Values for vitamin D.European journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Model-based meta-analysis for comparing Vitamin D2 and D3 parent-metabolite pharmacokinetics.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2017Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Comparison of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2012Pooled it
- Vitamins DFrontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Assessing the impact of a mushroom-derived food ingredient on vitamin D levels in healthy volunteers.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2020Trial
- Differential Effects of Oral Boluses of Vitamin D2 vs Vitamin D3 on Vitamin D Metabolism: A Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Trial
- Stoss therapy using fortified biscuit for vitamin D-deficient children: a novel treatment.Pediatric research · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Vitamin D3 seems more appropriate than D2 to sustain adequate levels of 25OHD: a pharmacokinetic approach.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2015Trial
- Effect of fat on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels after a single oral dose of vitamin D in young healthy adults: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study.European journal of nutrition · 2015Trial
- 25(OH)D2 half-life is shorter than 25(OH)D3 half-life and is influenced by DBP concentration and genotype.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2014Trial
- Comparative efficacy and safety of different doses of ergocalciferol supplementation in patients with metabolic syndrome.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2014Trial
- A randomized clinical trial of vitamin D supplementation in healthy adolescents.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2013Trial
- Effects of vitamin D3 and calcium supplementation on serum levels of tocopherols, retinol, and specific vitamin D metabolites.Nutrition and cancer · 2012Trial
- Bioavailability of vitamin D₂ from UV-B-irradiated button mushrooms in healthy adults deficient in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2011Trial
- Vitamin D: recent advances, associated factors, and its role in combating non-communicable diseases.NPJ science of food · 2025Review
- Joint position on vitamin D prescription in the adult Mexican population by AMMOM, AMEC, AMG, CMIM, CMO, CMR, CONAMEGER, FEMECOG, and FEMECOT.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVitamin D has been added to calcium-fortified orange juice. It is unknown whether vitamin D is as bioavailable from orange juice as it is from supplements.
objectivesThe objective was to compare the bioavailability of vitamin D(2) and vitamin D(3) from orange juice with that from vitamin D(2) and vitamin D(3) supplements. A secondary aim was to determine which form of vitamin D is more bioavailable in orange juice.
designA randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was conducted in healthy adults aged 18-84 y (15-20/group) who received 1000 IU vitamin D(3), 1000 IU vitamin D(2), or placebo in orange juice or capsule for 11 wk at the end of winter.
resultsA total of 64% of subjects began the study deficient in vitamin D (ie, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]) concentrations <20 ng/mL). Analysis of the area under the curve showed no significant difference in serum 25(OH)D between subjects who consumed vitamin D-fortified orange juice and those who consumed vitamin D supplements (P = 0.084). No significant difference in serum 25(OH)D(3) was observed between subjects who consumed vitamin D(3)-fortified orange juice and vitamin D(3) capsules (P > 0.1). Similarly, no significant difference in serum 25(OH)D(2) was observed between subjects who consumed vitamin D(2)-fortified orange juice and vitamin D(2) capsules (P > 0.1). No significant overall difference in parathyroid hormone concentrations was observed between the groups (P = 0.82).
conclusionVitamin D(2) and vitamin D(3) are equally bioavailable in orange juice and capsules.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.