Is the diminished incretin effect in type 2 diabetes just an epi-phenomenon of impaired beta-cell function?

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

80 citing papers in PubMed, 211 citations in OpenAlex.

1. Acute Effects of Pelemir-Enriched Bread on Postprandial Glucose and Hormonal Responses in Adults with Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Normal Weight: A Two-Phase Exploratory Study.Nutrients · 2025
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2. Comparison of efficacy and safety of insulin degludec/liraglutide and insulin glargine U-100/lixisenatide in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus using professional continuous glucose monitoring.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024
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3. Effects of a novel rice-based diabetes-specific formula on postprandial glucose and gastrointestinal hormones: a double-blinded multi-arm randomized crossover trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023
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4. Comparisons of efficacy and safety in insulin glargine and lixisenatide plus glulisine combination therapy with multiple daily injection therapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022
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5. Improved time in range and postprandial hyperglycemia with canagliflozin in combination with teneligliptin: Secondary analyses of the CALMER study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2021
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6. The effect of meal frequency in a reduced-energy regimen on the gastrointestinal and appetite hormones in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomised crossover study.PloS one · 2017
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7. Differential acute postprandial effects of processed meat and isocaloric vegan meals on the gastrointestinal hormone response in subjects suffering from type 2 diabetes and healthy controls: a randomized crossover study.PloS one · 2014
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8. Vitamin C further improves the protective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 on acute hypoglycemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes.Diabetes care · 2013 · on this map
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9. Glucagon-like peptide 1 reduces endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress induced by both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes.Diabetes care · 2013 · on this map
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10. Vitamin C further improves the protective effect of GLP-1 on the ischemia-reperfusion-like effect induced by hyperglycemia post-hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2013
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11. The role of endogenous incretin secretion as amplifier of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes · 2012
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12. Xenin-25 amplifies GIP-mediated insulin secretion in humans with normal and impaired glucose tolerance but not type 2 diabetes.Diabetes · 2012
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13. Steroid-induced insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance are both associated with a progressive decline of incretin effect in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2012 · on this map
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14. The possible protective role of glucagon-like peptide 1 on endothelium during the meal and evidence for an "endothelial resistance" to glucagon-like peptide 1 in diabetes.Diabetes care · 2011
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15. Progressive loss of glycemic control during chronic DPP-4 inhibitor therapy despite preserved β-cell function: a case report suggesting acquired incretin resistance.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026
    Article
16. GLP-1 receptor and Mitochondria-ER Contact Sites: an emerging mechanism of metabolic regulation.Frontiers in physiology · 2026
    Review
17. Western Diet Induces Changes in Gene Expression in Multiple Tissues During Early Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance in Male C57BL/6 Mice.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025
    Article
18. Regulation of glucose metabolism by incretins: implications for treatment of type 2 diabetes.Diabetology international · 2025
    Review
19. The incretin effect in type 2 diabetes in a Sub-Saharan African population.Clinical diabetes and endocrinology · 2024
    Article
20. Evaluating the effectiveness and safety of various Tirzepatide dosages in the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024
    Article

20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

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