ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2010
Options for inactivation, adjuvant, and route of topical administration of a killed, unencapsulated pneumococcal whole-cell vaccine.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
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- Intestinal inflammation induced by heat-labile toxin-producing enterotoxigenic E: Coli infection and impact on immune responses in an experimental human challenge model.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Novel processes to obtain pneumococcal surface proteins for vaccines.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- A CRISPRi library screen in group BInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- A CRISPRi Library Screen in Group BbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Review
- Vaccine Strategies to Elicit Mucosal Immunity.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Novel manufacturing process of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides using advanced sterilization methods.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Lipidation of pneumococcal proteins enables activation of human antigen-presenting cells and initiation of an adaptive immune response.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Current Progress and Challenges in the Study of Adjuvants for Oral Vaccines.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2023Review
- Recent progress in pneumococcal protein vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- New-age vaccine adjuvants, their development, and future perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Vaccination of older adults: Influenza, pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster, COVID-19 and beyond.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2021Review
- Development of Next GenerationVaccines · 2020Review
- Vaccines to Prevent Infectious Diseases in the Older Population: Immunological Challenges and Future Perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Intradermal or Sublingual Delivery and Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Proteins Shape Immunologic Responses to a CFA/I Fimbria-Derived Subunit Antigen Vaccine against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We previously reported that ethanol-killed cells of a noncapsulated strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, given intranasally with cholera toxin as an adjuvant, protect rats against pneumonia and mice against colonization of the nasopharynx and middle ear by capsulated pneumococci of various serotypes. The acceleration of pneumococcal clearance from the nasopharynx in mice is CD4+ T cell-dependent and interleukin 17A (IL-17A) mediated and can be antibody independent. Here, anticipating human studies, we have demonstrated protection with a new vaccine strain expressing a nonhemolytic derivative of pneumolysin and grown in bovine-free culture medium. Killing the cells with chloroform, trichloroethylene, or beta-propiolactone--all used without postinactivation washing--produced more-potent immunogens than ethanol, and retention of soluble components released from the cells contributed to protection. Two sequential intranasal administrations of as little as 1 microg of protein (total of cellular and soluble combined) protected mice against nasopharyngeal challenge with pneumococci. Nontoxic single and double mutants of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin were effective as mucosal adjuvants. Protection was induced by the sublingual and buccal routes, albeit requiring larger doses than when given intranasally. Protection was likewise induced transdermally with sonicates of the killed-cell preparation. Thus, this whole-cell antigen can be made and administered in a variety of ways to suit the manufacturer and the vaccination program and is potentially a solution to the need for a low-cost vaccine to reduce the burden of childhood pneumococcal disease in low-income countries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.