ArticlePLoS pathogens2010
A differential role for macropinocytosis in mediating entry of the two forms of vaccinia virus into dendritic cells.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiviral innate immunity and adaptive immune responses against monkeypox and viral immune evasion.World journal of virology · 2026Review
- Review
- Emerging interplays between poxviruses and autophagy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Macropinocytosis Is the Principal Uptake Mechanism of Antigen-Presenting Cells for Allergen-Specific Virus-like Nanoparticles.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Biology of Variola Virus.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Dynamin2 functions as an accessory protein to reduce the rate of caveola internalization.The Journal of cell biology · 2023Article
- Rottlerin plays an antiviral role at early and late steps of Zika virus infection.Virologica Sinica · 2022Article
- Infection of non-cancer cells: A barrier or support for oncolytic virotherapy?Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Review
- Orf Virus-Based Vectors Preferentially Target Professional Antigen-Presenting Cells, Activate the STING Pathway and Induce Strong Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Host-virus interaction and viral evasion.Cell biology international · 2021Review
- Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 infects Langerhans cells and the novel epidermal dendritic cell, Epi-cDC2s, via different entry pathways.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Vaccinia Virus Infection Inhibits Skin Dendritic Cell Migration to the Draining Lymph Node.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- Effect of O-linked glycosylation on the antigenicity, cellular uptake and trafficking in dendritic cells of recombinant Ber e 1.PloS one · 2021Article
- Macrophage imaging and subset analysis using single-cell RNA sequencing.Nanotheranostics · 2021Article
- Transient Inhibition of PI3Kδ Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of Intravenous Delivery of Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2020Article
- Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cell Differentiation in Inflammatory Arthritis Is Regulated by the JAK/STAT Axis via NADPH Oxidase Regulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Nanoscale polarization of the entry fusion complex of vaccinia virus drives efficient fusion.Nature microbiology · 2019Article
- Kinetics of Mimivirus Infection Stages Quantified Using Image Flow Cytometry.Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology · 2019Article
- Chewing the Fat: The Conserved Ability of DNA Viruses to Hijack Cellular Lipid Metabolism.Viruses · 2019Review
- PKCδ stimulates macropinocytosis via activation of SSH1-cofilin pathway.Cellular signalling · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is being developed as a recombinant viral vaccine vector for several key pathogens. Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialised antigen presenting cells that are crucial for the initiation of primary immune responses; however, the mechanisms of uptake of VACV by these cells are unclear. Therefore we examined the binding and entry of both the intracellular mature virus (MV) and extracellular enveloped virus (EV) forms of VACV into vesicular compartments of monocyte-derived DCs. Using a panel of inhibitors, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy we have shown that neither MV nor EV binds to the highly expressed C-type lectin receptors on DCs that are responsible for capturing many other viruses. We also found that both forms of VACV enter DCs via a clathrin-, caveolin-, flotillin- and dynamin-independent pathway that is dependent on actin, intracellular calcium and host-cell cholesterol. Both MV and EV entry were inhibited by the macropinocytosis inhibitors rottlerin and dimethyl amiloride and depended on phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase (PI(3)K), and both colocalised with dextran but not transferrin. VACV was not delivered to the classical endolysosomal pathway, failing to colocalise with EEA1 or Lamp2. Finally, expression of early viral genes was not affected by bafilomycin A, indicating that the virus does not depend on low pH to deliver cores to the cytoplasm. From these collective results we conclude that VACV enters DCs via macropinocytosis. However, MV was consistently less sensitive to inhibition and is likely to utilise at least one other entry pathway. Definition and future manipulation of these pathways may assist in enhancing the activity of recombinant vaccinia vectors through effects on antigen presentation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.