ArticlePLoS pathogens2010
Two coregulated efflux transporters modulate intracellular heme and protoporphyrin IX availability in Streptococcus agalactiae.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- The bacterial cell membrane acts as a dynamic heme reservoir during group BbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Biosensors for Detection of Labile Heme in Biological Samples.Biosensors · 2025Review
- Heme in Bacterial Pathogenesis and as an Antimicrobial Target.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
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- Construction of a Plasmid-FreeMetabolites · 2025Article
- Exploring heme and iron acquisition strategies of Porphyromonas gingivalis-current facts and hypotheses.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Review
- Heme acquisition and tolerance in Gram-positive model bacteria: An orchestrated balance.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Metal Homeostasis in Pathogenic Streptococci.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Sedimentary Cobalt Protoporphyrin as a Potential Precursor of Prosthetic Heme Group for Bacteria Inhabiting Fossil Organic Matter-Rich Shale Rock.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Heme auxotrophy in abundant aquatic microbial lineages.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Article
- Heme Uptake inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2020Article
- Genetics of Lactococci.Microbiology spectrum · 2019Review
- Toxic but tasty - temporal dynamics and network architecture of heme-responsive two-component signaling in Corynebacterium glutamicum.Molecular microbiology · 2019Article
- Heme sensing and detoxification by HatRT contributes to pathogenesis during Clostridium difficile infection.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Article
- Article
- Visualization of the role of host heme on the virulence of the heme auxotroph Streptococcus agalactiae.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Differential Regulation of the Two Ferrochelatase Paralogues in Shewanella loihica PV-4 in Response to Environmental Stresses.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is a major neonatal pathogen whose infectious route involves septicemia. This pathogen does not synthesize heme, but scavenges it from blood to activate a respiration metabolism, which increases bacterial cell density and is required for full virulence. Factors that regulate heme pools in S. agalactiae are unknown. Here we report that one main strategy of heme and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) homeostasis in S. agalactiae is based on a regulated system of efflux using two newly characterized operons, gbs1753 gbs1752 (called pefA pefB), and gbs1402 gbs1401 gbs1400 (called pefR pefC pefD), where pef stands for 'porphyrin-regulated efflux'. In vitro and in vivo data show that PefR, a MarR-superfamily protein, is a repressor of both operons. Heme or PPIX both alleviate PefR-mediated repression. We show that bacteria inactivated for both Pef efflux systems display accrued sensitivity to these porphyrins, and give evidence that they accumulate intracellularly. The DeltapefR mutant, in which both pef operons are up-regulated, is defective for heme-dependent respiration, and attenuated for virulence. We conclude that this new efflux regulon controls intracellular heme and PPIX availability in S. agalactiae, and is needed for its capacity to undergo respiration metabolism, and to infect the host.
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