ArticlePLoS pathogens2010
Emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest United States.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 194 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
194 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cryptococcosis-a systematic review to inform the World Health Organization Fungal Priority Pathogens List.Medical mycology · 2024Pooled it
- Low diversity Cryptococcus neoformans variety grubii multilocus sequence types from Thailand are consistent with an ancestral African origin.PLoS pathogens · 2011Trial
- Roles of Mutation, Ploidy, and Recombination in Adaptive Evolution in Two Divergent Model Yeasts.Genes · 2026Review
- Host-Driven Genetic Diversity ofTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Study ofVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Molecular epidemiological investigation ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Immune evasion byFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Chitosan-Deficient Cryptococcus as Whole-Cell Vaccines.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Models for Inducing Experimental Cryptococcosis in Mice.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Genotyping Analysis ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Genotypic Diversity and Antifungal Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates of Cryptococcus Gattii Species Complex from Argentina.Mycopathologia · 2023Article
- Mitochondria in Cryptococcus: an update of mitochondrial transcriptional regulation in Cryptococcus.Current genetics · 2023Review
- Genome-wide analysis of heat stress-stimulated transposon mobility in the human fungal pathogenProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- The function and regulation of heat shock transcription factor inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- The Cryptococcus gattii species complex: Unique pathogenic yeasts with understudied virulence mechanisms.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Review
- Akt-2 Is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Disseminated Candidiasis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Phylogenomic Placement of American Southwest-Associated Clinical and Veterinary Isolates Expands Evidence for DistinctMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Gene, virulence and related regulatory mechanisms inActa biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2022Review
- Article
134 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cryptococcus gattii causes life-threatening disease in otherwise healthy hosts and to a lesser extent in immunocompromised hosts. The highest incidence for this disease is on Vancouver Island, Canada, where an outbreak is expanding into neighboring regions including mainland British Columbia and the United States. This outbreak is caused predominantly by C. gattii molecular type VGII, specifically VGIIa/major. In addition, a novel genotype, VGIIc, has emerged in Oregon and is now a major source of illness in the region. Through molecular epidemiology and population analysis of MLST and VNTR markers, we show that the VGIIc group is clonal and hypothesize it arose recently. The VGIIa/IIc outbreak lineages are sexually fertile and studies support ongoing recombination in the global VGII population. This illustrates two hallmarks of emerging outbreaks: high clonality and the emergence of novel genotypes via recombination. In macrophage and murine infections, the novel VGIIc genotype and VGIIa/major isolates from the United States are highly virulent compared to similar non-outbreak VGIIa/major-related isolates. Combined MLST-VNTR analysis distinguishes clonal expansion of the VGIIa/major outbreak genotype from related but distinguishable less-virulent genotypes isolated from other geographic regions. Our evidence documents emerging hypervirulent genotypes in the United States that may expand further and provides insight into the possible molecular and geographic origins of the outbreak.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.