Trial reportJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2010
Reducing unnecessary biopsy during prostate cancer screening using a four-kallikrein panel: an independent replication.
Trial report in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 232 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Value of Intact Prostate Specific Antigen and Human Kallikrein 2 in the 4 Kallikrein Predictive Model: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.The Journal of urology · 2018Pooled it
- Properties of the 4-Kallikrein Panel Outside the Diagnostic Gray Zone: Meta-Analysis of Patients with Positive Digital Rectal Examination or Prostate Specific Antigen 10 ng/ml and Above.The Journal of urology · 2017Pooled it
- NCCN Guidelines Insights: Prostate Cancer Early Detection, Version 2.2016.Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN · 2016Guideline
- Comparing the effectiveness of prostate cancer screening protocols: European Association of Urology- and European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer-based strategies.International journal of cancer · 2026Trial
- A Four-kallikrein Panel and β-Microseminoprotein in Predicting High-grade Prostate Cancer on Biopsy: An Independent Replication from the Finnish Section of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer.European urology focus · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Can one blood draw replace transrectal ultrasonography-estimated prostate volume to predict prostate cancer risk?BJU international · 2013Trial
- Rapid elimination kinetics of free PSA or human kallikrein-related peptidase 2 after initiation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-antagonist treatment of prostate cancer: potential for rapid monitoring of treatment responses.Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine · 2012Trial
- Trial
- A serum-clinical composite model for prostate cancer diagnosis: multicenter validation and CRISPR/Cas13a-based detection.The journal of liquid biopsy · 2026Article
- Early-Onset Prostate Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Biology, Clinical Features, Management, and Early Detection.MedComm · 2026Review
- Observational
- From prostate specific antigen to genomic signatures: Advances in biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Prostate-specific antigen levels at age 60 years and lifetime risk of lethal prostate cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the 4Kscore Test in Relation to Subsequent Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Five things you need to know about prostate cancer diagnostic tests.Asian journal of urology · 2025Article
- A machine learning-based screening model for the early detection of prostate cancer developed using serum microRNA data from a mixed cohort of 8,741 participants.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- EpiSwitch PSE Blood Test Reduces Unnecessary Prostate Biopsies: A Real-World Clinical Utility Study.Cancers · 2025Article
- Liquid Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Current Status and Emerging Prospects.The world journal of men's health · 2025Review
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWe previously reported that a panel of four kallikrein forms in blood-total, free, and intact prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (hK2)-can reduce unnecessary biopsy in previously unscreened men with elevated total PSA. We aimed to replicate our findings in a large, independent, representative, population-based cohort. PATIENTS AND
methodsThe study cohort included 2,914 previously unscreened men undergoing biopsy as a result of elevated PSA (> or = 3 ng/mL) in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer, Rotterdam, with 807 prostate cancers (28%) detected. The cohort was randomly divided 1:3 into a training and validation set. Levels of kallikrein markers were compared with biopsy outcome.
resultsAddition of free PSA, intact PSA, and hK2 to a model containing total PSA and age improved the area under the curve from 0.64 to 0.76 and 0.70 to 0.78 for models without and with digital rectal examination results, respectively (P < .001 for both). Application of the panel to 1,000 men with elevated PSA would reduce the number of biopsies by 513 and miss 54 of 177 low-grade cancers and 12 of 100 high-grade cancers. Findings were robust to sensitivity analysis.
conclusionWe have replicated our previously published finding that a panel of four kallikreins can predict the result of biopsy for prostate cancer in men with elevated PSA. Use of this panel would dramatically reduce biopsy rates. A small number of men with cancer would be advised against immediate biopsy, but these men would have predominately low-stage, low-grade disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.