Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20420944›Full record

ReviewGastroenterology2010

Primary prevention of colorectal cancer.

Andrew T Chan, Edward L Giovannucci

Open access · bronzeAbstract readPortraitReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Gastroenterology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 300 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
300citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
27.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

300 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 719 citations in OpenAlex.

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240 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Andrew T ChanGastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. achan@partners.org <achan@partners.org>
Edward L Giovannucci
Brigham and Women's Hospital · USHarvard University · US

Funding

Statistical MethodsP01CA087969 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI TWOROGER, SHELLEY S · 2000 to 2019
$77.8M
Validity of Diet and Activity Measures in WomenP01CA055075 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI FUCHS, CHARLES S · 1991 to 2009
$41.8M
Tissue and Pathology ResourcesP50CA127003 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI EL-BARDEESY, NABEEL, SELLERS, WILLIAM R · 2007 to 2023
$33.2M
Inflammation and Colorectal NeoplasiaR01CA137178 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI CHAN, ANDREW T · 2009 to 2019
$6.5M
Energy Balance-Related Hormones & Prostate Cancer Incidence & ProgressionR01CA133891 · NCI · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI GIOVANNUCCI, EDWARD · 2008 to 2012
$3.3M
Prospective Studies of Colorectal AdenomaK07CA107412 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI CHAN, ANDREW T · 2005 to 2009
$800k
NCI NIH HHS CA 055075NCI NIH HHS CA087969NCI NIH HHS CA107412NCI NIH HHS CA133891NCI NIH HHS CA137178NCI NIH HHS K07 CA107412NCI NIH HHS P01 CA055075NCI NIH HHS P01 CA087969NCI NIH HHS P50 CA127003NCI NIH HHS R01 CA133891NCI NIH HHS R01 CA137178
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Colorectal cancer has been strongly associated with a Western lifestyle. In the past several decades, much has been learned about the dietary, lifestyle, and medication risk factors for this malignancy. Although there is controversy about the role of specific nutritional factors, consideration of dietary pattern as a whole appears useful for formulating recommendations. For example, several studies have shown that high intake of red and processed meats, highly refined grains and starches, and sugars is related to increased risk of colorectal cancer. Replacing these factors with poultry, fish, and plant sources as the primary source of protein; unsaturated fats as the primary source of fat; and unrefined grains, legumes and fruits as the primary source of carbohydrates is likely to lower risk of colorectal cancer. Although a role for supplements, including vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B6, remains uncertain, calcium supplementation is likely to be at least modestly beneficial. With respect to lifestyle, compelling evidence indicates that avoidance of smoking and heavy alcohol use, prevention of weight gain, and maintenance of a reasonable level of physical activity are associated with markedly lower risks of colorectal cancer. Medications such as aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and postmenopausal hormones for women are associated with substantial reductions in colorectal cancer risk, though their utility is affected by associated risks. Taken together, modifications in diet and lifestyle should substantially reduce the risk of colorectal cancer and could complement screening in reducing colorectal cancer incidence.

Indexed as

Life StylePrimary PreventionRisk Reduction BehaviorAdultAgedAlcohol DrinkingAnimalsAnticarcinogenic AgentsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsColorectal NeoplasmsDietEstrogen Replacement TherapyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedAnticarcinogenic AgentsAnti-Inflammatory Agents

Identifiers

PMID20420944
PMCPMC2947820
OpenAlexW2084662944

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.