ArticleNature medicine2010
Disruption of antigenic variation is crucial for effective parasite vaccine.
Article in Nature medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Key Regulators of Parasite Biology Viewed Through a Post-Translational Modification Repertoire.Proteomics · 2025Review
- Cocktail vaccine induces immunoprotection and modulates the fecal microbiota in dogs against Echinococcus granulosus infection.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Mucosal vaccination in a murine gnotobiotic model ofInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Antibodies to variable surface antigens induce antigenic variation in the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Trophozoite fitness dictates the intestinal epithelial cell response to Giardia intestinalis infection.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- Giardia intestinalis thymidine kinase is a high-affinity enzyme crucial for DNA synthesis and an exploitable target for drug discovery.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2022Article
- Conserved metabolic enzymes as vaccine antigens for giardiasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Production of Oral Vaccines Based on Virus-Like Particles Pseudotyped with Protozoan-Surface Proteins.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- "Immunoinformatic Identification of T-Cell and B-Cell Epitopes FromFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Giardia duodenalis Virulence - "To Be, or Not To Be".Current tropical medicine reports · 2021Review
- Update on Giardia: Highlights from the seventh International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2020Article
- Recent advances in functional research in Giardia intestinalis.Advances in parasitology · 2020Review
- African trypanosomes expressing multiple VSGs are rapidly eliminated by the host immune system.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Mucosal microbial parasites/symbionts in health and disease: an integrative overview.Parasitology · 2019Article
- Comparative Pathobiology of the Intestinal Protozoan ParasitesPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Identification of Conserved Candidate Vaccine Antigens in the Surface Proteome of Giardia lamblia.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Efficient oral vaccination by bioengineering virus-like particles with protozoan surface proteins.Nature communications · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Giardia lamblia is a human intestinal pathogen. Like many protozoan microorganisms, Giardia undergoes antigenic variation, a mechanism assumed to allow parasites to evade the host's immune response, producing chronic and/or recurrent infections. Recently, we found that the mechanism controlling variant-specific surface protein (VSP) switching in Giardia involves components of the RNA interference machinery and that disruption of this pathway generates trophozoites simultaneously expressing many VSPs. Here we use these altered trophozoites to determine the role of antigenic variation in a gerbil model of giardiasis. Our results show that either primary infection with trophozoites simultaneously expressing many VSPs or immunization with purified VSPs from the transgenic cells protects gerbils from subsequent Giardia infections. These results constitute, to our knowledge, the first experimental evidence that antigenic variation is essential for parasite survival within hosts and that artificial disruption of this mechanism might be useful in generating vaccines against major pathogens that show similar behavior.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.