ReviewMarine drugs2010
Prymnesins: toxic metabolites of the golden alga, Prymnesium parvum Carter (Haptophyta).
Review in Marine drugs, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Structure and characterisation of CMP-Kdn synthetase from the haptophyte microalgaeRSC chemical biology · 2026Article
- Patterns of microbial diversity in three aquatic ecosystems of a Caribbean island.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2026Article
- Oxidative stress inFrontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Multi-omics uncovers nutrient stress-driven interactions in a syntheticISME communications · 2026Article
- Article
- The Invasive Mechanism and Impact ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- What Is the Potential ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Chemistry of Phytoplankton.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- Cytotoxicity of Prymnesium parvum extracts and prymnesin analogs on epithelial fish gill cells RTgill-W1 and the human colon cell line HCEC-1CT.Archives of toxicology · 2024Article
- Review of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Causing Marine Fish Kills: Toxicity and Mitigation.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Carbohydrate-Containing Low Molecular Weight Metabolites of Microalgae.Marine drugs · 2023Review
- Insights into ToxicToxins · 2023Review
- Extreme genome diversity and cryptic speciation in a harmful algal-bloom-forming eukaryote.Current biology : CB · 2023Article
- Evolution of toxins as a public good in phytoplankton.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2022Article
- Natural Polyether Ionophores and Their Pharmacological Profile.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- Sunlight concurrently reduces Prymnesium parvum elicited acute toxicity to fish and prymnesins.Chemosphere · 2021Article
- Gill Transcriptomic Responses to Toxin-producing AlgaFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Nutrients and salinity influence Prymnesium parvum (UTEX LB 2797) elicited sublethal toxicity in Pimephales promelas and Danio rerio.Harmful algae · 2020Article
- Development of an Indirect Quantitation Method to Assess Ichthyotoxic B-Type Prymnesins fromToxins · 2019Article
- CuAAC click chemistry for the enhanced detection of novel alkyne-based natural product toxins.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increasingly over the past century, seasonal fish kills associated with toxic blooms of Prymnesium parvum have devastated aquaculture and native fish, shellfish, and mollusk populations worldwide. Protracted blooms of P. parvum can result in major disturbances to the local ecology and extensive monetary losses. Toxicity of this alga is attributed to a collection of compounds known as prymnesins, which exhibit potent cytotoxic, hemolytic, neurotoxic and ichthyotoxic effects. These secondary metabolites are especially damaging to gill-breathing organisms and they are believed to interact directly with plasma membranes, compromising integrity by permitting ion leakage. Several factors appear to function in the activation and potency of prymnesins including salinity, pH, ion availability, and growth phase. Prymnesins may function as defense compounds to prevent herbivory and some investigations suggest that they have allelopathic roles. Since the last extensive review was published, two prymnesins have been chemically characterized and ongoing investigations are aimed at the purification and analysis of numerous other toxic metabolites from this alga. More information is needed to unravel the mechanisms of prymnesin synthesis and the significance of these metabolites. Such work should greatly improve our limited understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of P. parvum and how to mitigate its blooms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.