ArticleJournal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH
Flavanols, the Kuna, cocoa consumption, and nitric oxide.
Article in Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Acute Effects of Cocoa Flavanols on Blood Pressure and Peripheral Vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Essential Hypertension.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Trial
- The influence of different concentrations of flavanol chocolate bars under acute supplement conditions on exercise and performance.European journal of applied physiology · 2020Trial
- Cyrcadian Rhythm, Mood, and Temporal Patterns of Eating Chocolate: A Scoping Review of Physiology, Findings, and Future Directions.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Chocolate and Cocoa-Derived Biomolecules for Brain Cognition during Ageing.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Effect of Cocoa Beverage and Dark Chocolate Consumption on Blood Pressure in Those with Normal and Elevated Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2021Review
- Acute Effects of Cocoa Flavanols on Blood Pressure and Peripheral Vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Essential Hypertension: A Protocol for an Acute, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Trial.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
- Cognitive Function and Consumption of Fruit and Vegetable Polyphenols in a Young Population: Is There a Relationship?Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Prevalence of Diabetes, Prediabetes, and Obesity in the Indigenous Kuna Population of Panamá.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2019Article
- Examination of dietary habits among the indigenous Kuna Indians of Panama.Nutrition journal · 2019Article
- Prevalence and correlates of diagnosed and undiagnosed hypertension in the indigenous Kuna population of Panamá.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Use of dark chocolate for diabetic patients: a review of the literature and current evidence.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2017Review
- Cocoa and Dark Chocolate Polyphenols: From Biology to Clinical Applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Timeline of History of Hypertension Treatment.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2016Review
- Recovery of Indicators of Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Oxidative Stress, and Aging With (-)-Epicatechin in Senile Mice.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2015Article
- Tc-MYBPA an Arabidopsis TT2-like transcription factor and functions in the regulation of proanthocyanidin synthesis in Theobroma cacao.BMC plant biology · 2015Article
- Efficacy of prophylactic flavan-3-ol in permanent focal ischemia in 12-mo-old mice.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2015Article
- The acute and sub-chronic effects of cocoa flavanols on mood, cognitive and cardiovascular health in young healthy adults: a randomized, controlled trial.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Kuna Indians, who reside in an archipelago on the Caribbean Coast of Panama, have very low blood pressure (BP) levels, live longer than other Panamanians, and have a reduced frequency of myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and cancer-at least on their death certificates. One outstanding feature of their diet includes a very high intake of flavanol-rich cocoa. Flavonoids in cocoa activate nitric oxide synthesis in healthy humans. The possibility that the high flavanol intake protects the Kuna against high BP, ischemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and cancer is sufficiently intriguing and sufficiently important that large, randomized controlled clinical trials should be pursued.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.