ArticleImmunology2010
Suppression of human anti-porcine natural killer cell xenogeneic responses by combinations of monoclonal antibodies specific to CD2 and NKG2D and extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase inhibitor.
Article in Immunology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Present Advances and Emerging Challenges in Kidney Xenotransplantation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Differences between xenotransplantation and allogeneic kidney transplantation: the current situation and future challenges in Japan.Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs · 2025Review
- Cytotoxic Responses Mediated by NK Cells and Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Xenotransplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
- Strategies to induce natural killer cell tolerance in xenotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Genetic engineering of pigs for xenotransplantation to overcome immune rejection and physiological incompatibilities: The first clinical steps.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Pseudorabies Virus Infection Causes Downregulation of Ligands for the Activating NK Cell Receptor NKG2D.Viruses · 2021Article
- CD2 Immunobiology.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- The Role of NK Cells in Pig-to-Human Xenotransplantation.Journal of immunology research · 2017Review
- SCID pigs: An emerging large animal NK model.Journal of rare diseases research & treatment · 2017Article
- Pseudorabies Virus US3 Protein Kinase Protects Infected Cells from NK Cell-Mediated Lysis via Increased Binding of the Inhibitory NK Cell Receptor CD300a.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Preventive Anti-CD2 Treatment does not Impair Parasite Control in a Murine Toxoplasmosis Model.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2015Article
- Innate cellular immunity and xenotransplantation.Current opinion in organ transplantation · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells can destroy xenogeneic tissues by antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) and direct lysis. Unlike ADCC, activating interactions between human NK receptors and their cognate ligands in pigs are not fully elucidated. We set up this study to identify human NK activating receptors recognizing porcine cells isolated from distinct organs, e.g., aorta, cornea and liver, and to provide a molecular basis for effective immunosuppressive regimens. Among the array of NK receptors tested, NKp46, 2B4, CD49d, CD48, CD2 and NKG2D, only CD2 and NKG2D were shown to be involved in both cytotoxicity and cytokine (interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha) production against porcine targets. Simultaneous blocking of CD2 and NKG2D by combining its monoclonal antibodies further suppressed xenogeneic NK responses. Moreover, addition of a suboptimal dose of PD98059, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase inhibitor, to those cells maximally reduced NK cytotoxicity, suggesting that ERK plays an important role in NK-mediated xenoreactivity. These impairments in NK cells were tightly associated with defective intracellular calcium mobilization and the subsequent degranulation process. Therefore, our data demonstrate a distinct role of CD2 and NKG2D on human NK cells in recognizing porcine grafts and further provide a potentially efficacious combinational regimen using anti-CD2 and anti-NKG2D monoclonal antibodies with PD98059 in a pig-to-human transplantation model.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.