SynthesisAddiction (Abingdon, England)2010
Genetic and environmental influences on cannabis use initiation and problematic use: a meta-analysis of twin studies.
Synthesis in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Genetic basis of cannabis use: a systematic review.BMC medical genomics · 2021Pooled it
- A large-scale genome-wide association study meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Genome-wide association meta-analysis of age at first cannabis use.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Pooled it
- Genetic influences on individual differences in longitudinal changes in global and subcortical brain volumes: Results of the ENIGMA plasticity working group.Human brain mapping · 2017Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study of lifetime cannabis use based on a large meta-analytic sample of 32 330 subjects from the International Cannabis Consortium.Translational psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- The genetic aetiology of cannabis use initiation: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies and a SNP-based heritability estimation.Addiction biology · 2013Pooled it
- Genetic and environmental influences on neuroimaging phenotypes: a meta-analytical perspective on twin imaging studies.Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies · 2012Pooled it
- Polygenic Score × Intervention Moderation: an Application of Discrete-Time Survival Analysis to Model the Timing of First Marijuana Use Among Urban Youth.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2018Trial
- Sex Differences in Genetic and Environmental Influences on Age at Initiation of Gaming.Behavior genetics · 2026Article
- Genetic nurture in intergenerational transmission of substance use.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Genetic and Environmental Influences on Age at Initiation of Gaming.Behavior genetics · 2026Article
- Genome-wide association studies of lifetime and frequency of cannabis use in 131,895 individuals.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Development of Substance Use Problems: The Role of Adolescent Cannabis Age of Onset, Frequency of Use and Childhood Risk Factors.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- Multivariate genetic analyses of 2.2 million individuals reveal broad and substance-specific pathways of addiction risk.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- Topic Trends in Sibling Research in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships.Journal of social and personal relationships · 2026Article
- Investigating the polygenic relationship between heavy cannabis use and schizophrenia in the All of Us Research Program.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- The relationship between recreational cannabis use, psychotic-like experiences, and the salience network in adolescent and young adult twins.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Intergenerational Transmission of Cannabis Use: Testing Genetic Risk and the Mitigating Influences of Parent Positive Behavior Support in Early Childhood.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- Multivariate genetic of 2.2 million individuals demonstrate genetic influences on substance use disorders operate via behavioral disinhibition and substance-specific risk.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Polygenic Risk for Substance Use Disorders as Predictors of Substance Use Initiation Among African American Youth.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBecause cannabis use is associated with social, physical and psychological problems, it is important to know what causes some individuals to initiate cannabis use and a subset of those to become problematic users. Previous twin studies found evidence for both genetic and environmental influences on vulnerability, but due to considerable variation in the results it is difficult to draw clear conclusions regarding the relative magnitude of these influences.
methodsA systematic literature search identified 28 twin studies on cannabis use initiation and 24 studies on problematic cannabis use. The proportion of total variance accounted for by genes (A), shared environment (C) and unshared environment (E) in (i) initiation of cannabis use and (ii) problematic cannabis use was calculated by averaging corresponding A, C and E estimates across studies from independent cohorts and weighting by sample size.
resultsFor cannabis use initiation, A, C and E estimates were 48%, 25% and 27% in males and 40%, 39% and 21% in females. For problematic cannabis use A, C and E estimates were 51%, 20% and 29% for males and 59%, 15% and 26% for females. Confidence intervals of these estimates are considerably narrower than those in the source studies.
conclusionsOur results indicate that vulnerability to both cannabis use initiation and problematic use was influenced significantly by A, C and E. There was a trend for a greater C and lesser A component for cannabis use initiation compared to problematic use for females.
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