ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2010
Typhoid in Kenya is associated with a dominant multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi haplotype that is also widespread in Southeast Asia.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on Antimicrobial Resistance amongThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Pooled it
- Antimicrobial resistance among children in sub-Saharan Africa.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Molecular epidemiology of fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Clinically and microbiologically derived azithromycin susceptibility breakpoints for Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2015Trial
- Gatifloxacin versus ofloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever in Nepal: an open-label, randomized, controlled trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2013Trial
- The influence of reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi on the clinical response to ofloxacin therapy.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2011Trial
- Temporal fluctuation of multidrug resistant salmonella typhi haplotypes in the mekong river delta region of Vietnam.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2011Trial
- Age-Specific Concentrations and Seroprevalence of Antibodies Against Salmonella Enteritidis (O:9) and Salmonella Typhimurium (O:4,5) Across 3 Sites in Kenya.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Genomic insights into the role of Salmonella Typhi carriers in antimicrobial resistance and typhoid transmission in Urban Kenya.PloS one · 2025Article
- Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhi among symptomatic and asymptomatic children in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Curcumin and Vitamin D Reduce HMGB-1 mRNA Levels in Mice Infected with Salmonella typhi.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2024Article
- Genetic heterogeneity in theMicrobial genomics · 2024Article
- The origins of haplotype 58 (H58) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Predominance of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhi genotype 4.3.1 with low-level ciprofloxacin resistance in Zanzibar.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- The burden of antibiotic resistance of the main microorganisms causing infections in humans - review of the literature.Journal of medicine and life · 2024Review
- Epidemiology of Multidrug-ResistantJournal of tropical medicine · 2024Article
- Genotypic Diversity amongInternational journal of clinical microbiology · 2024Article
- Dynamic Incidence of Typhoid Fever over a 10-Year Period (2010-2019) in Kibera, an Urban Informal Settlement in Nairobi, Kenya.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, remains largely unknown, in part because of a lack of blood or bone marrow culture facilities. We characterized a total of 323 S. Typhi isolates from outbreaks in Kenya over the period 1988 to 2008 for antimicrobial susceptibilities and phylogenetic relationships using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. There was a dramatic increase in the number and percentage of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Typhi isolates over the study period. Overall, only 54 (16.7%) S. Typhi isolates were fully sensitive, while the majority, 195 (60.4%), were multiply resistant to most commonly available drugs-ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole; 74 (22.9%) isolates were resistant to a single antimicrobial, usually ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, or tetracycline. Resistance to these antibiotics was encoded on self-transferrable IncHI1 plasmids of the ST6 sequence type. Of the 94 representative S. Typhi isolates selected for genome-wide haplotype analysis, sensitive isolates fell into several phylogenetically different groups, whereas MDR isolates all belonged to a single haplotype, H58, associated with MDR and decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility, which is also dominant in many parts of Southeast Asia. Derivatives of the same S. Typhi lineage, H58, are responsible for multidrug resistance in Kenya and parts of Southeast Asia, suggesting intercontinental spread of a single MDR clone. Given the emergence of this aggressive MDR haplotype, careful selection and monitoring of antibiotic usage will be required in Kenya, and potentially other regions of sub-Saharan Africa.
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