ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2010
Inflammation anergy in human intestinal macrophages is due to Smad-induced IkappaBalpha expression and NF-kappaB inactivation.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 179 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage-Specific NF-κB Activation Dynamics Can Segregate Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Focus on Bone Homeostasis and Regeneration.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Linking Physiology and Inflammation in Infection.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- An Immune Microenvironment-Integrated Intestinal-on-a-Chip Model for Investigating Immunopathogenesis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Weaning Influences Epithelial Morphology, Gene Expression and Gut Microbiota Composition in Piglets.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Macrophages on demand: How tissue trauma shapes their role.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Review
- Development and functional adaptation of intestinal macrophages across the lifespan.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Review
- From Cytokines to Biomarkers: Mapping the Immunopathology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Cells · 2025Review
- The CXCL8-CXCR2 axis promotes M2 macrophage polarization in ovarian cancer via RASGRP4-mediated mTOR-STAT3 signaling.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Article
- Interaction between gut microbiota and immunity in health and intestinal disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Changes in the Phenotype and Metabolism of Peritoneal Macrophages in Mucin-2 Knockout Mice and Partial Restoration of Their Functions In Vitro After L-Fucose Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Human intestinal stromal cells promote homeostasis in normal mucosa but inflammation in Crohn's disease in a retinoic acid-deficient manner.Mucosal immunology · 2024Article
- Macrophages and Gut Barrier Function: Guardians of Gastrointestinal Health in Post-Inflammatory and Post-Infection Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neuroprotective effects of gemfibrozil in neurological disorders: Focus on inflammation and molecular mechanisms.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- LncRNA MALAT1/microRNA-30b axis regulates macrophage polarization and function.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The gut microbiota: a double-edged sword in endometriosis†.Biology of reproduction · 2022Review
- Differential susceptibility to lipopolysaccharide affects the activation of toll-like-receptor 4 signaling in THP-1 cells and PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells.Innate immunity · 2022Article
- Structural diversity, functional aspects and future therapeutic applications of human gut microbiome.Archives of microbiology · 2021Review
- Robust microbe immune recognition in the intestinal mucosa.Genes and immunity · 2021Review
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human intestinal macrophages contribute to tissue homeostasis in noninflamed mucosa through profound down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Here, we show that this down-regulation extends to Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced cytokine release, as intestinal macrophages expressed TLR3-TLR9 but did not release cytokines in response to TLR-specific ligands. Likely contributing to this unique functional profile, intestinal macrophages expressed markedly down-regulated adapter proteins MyD88 and Toll interleukin receptor 1 domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon beta, which together mediate all TLR MyD88-dependent and -independent NF-kappaB signaling, did not phosphorylate NF-kappaB p65 or Smad-induced IkappaBalpha, and did not translocate NF-kappaB into the nucleus. Importantly, transforming growth factor-beta released from intestinal extracellular matrix (stroma) induced identical down-regulation in the NF-kappaB signaling and function of blood monocytes, the exclusive source of intestinal macrophages. Our findings implicate stromal transforming growth factor-beta-induced dysregulation of NF-kappaB proteins and Smad signaling in the differentiation of pro-inflammatory blood monocytes into noninflammatory intestinal macrophages.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.