ArticleThe Milbank quarterly2010
Understanding the organization of public health delivery systems: an empirical typology.
Article in The Milbank quarterly, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety Net Programs as Primary Prevention Against Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in the United States: Natural Experiments with Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Sustainability of the Growth of the Local Public Health Workforce During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019-2022.American journal of public health · 2025Article
- Networks of HIV Service Organisations: Changes Over Time and Implications for HIV Elimination.Journal of health management · 2024Article
- Analyzing mechanisms of interdisciplinary cooperation in promoting students' health at university.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Impact of state Medicaid expansion on cross-sector health and social service networks: Evidence from a longitudinal cohort study.Health services research · 2023Article
- Association Between Insurer Connectivity in Appalachian Population Health Networks and Preventable Hospitalizations: Evidence from Kentucky.Journal of Appalachian health · 2023Article
- Identifying Value-Added Population Health Capabilities to Strengthen Public Health Infrastructure.The Milbank quarterly · 2022Article
- Associations Between Local Health Department Expenditures on Foundational Capabilities and PHAB Accreditation Standards Scores.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Supporting Cross-Company Networks in Workplace Health Promotion through Social Network Analysis-Description of the Methodological Approach and First Results from a Model Project on Physical Activity Promotion in Germany.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Article
- The Growing Divide in the Composition of Public Health Delivery Systems in US Rural and Urban Communities, 2014-2018.American journal of public health · 2020Article
- Defining and classifying public health systems: a critical interpretive synthesis.Health research policy and systems · 2020Review
- Notes From the Field: Creating a Typology of Childhood Obesity Intervention Strategies.Evaluation & the health professions · 2020Article
- Performance and Priorities: A Cross-sectional Study of Local Health Department Approaches to Essential Public Health Services.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2020Article
- Geographic Variation in the Structure of Kentucky's Population Health Systems: An Urban, Rural, and Appalachian Comparison.Journal of Appalachian health · 2020Article
- Estimating the Cost of Providing Foundational Public Health Services.Health services research · 2018Article
- Joint Community Health Needs Assessments as a Path for Coordinating Community-Wide Health Improvement Efforts Between Hospitals and Local Health Departments.American journal of public health · 2018Article
- Building Community Partnerships: Using Social Network Analysis to Strengthen Service Networks Supporting a South Carolina Program for Pregnant and Parenting Teens.Journal of community health · 2018Article
- Applying Social Network Analysis to Evaluate Implementation of a Multisector Population Health Collaborative That Uses a Bridging Hub Organization.Frontiers in public health · 2018Article
- The Economics of Public Health: Missing Pieces to the Puzzle of Health System Reform.Health services research · 2017Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextPolicy discussions about improving the U.S. health care system increasingly recognize the need to strengthen its capacities for delivering public health services. A better understanding of how public health delivery systems are organized across the United States is critical to improvement. To facilitate the development of such evidence, this article presents an empirical method of classifying and comparing public health delivery systems based on key elements of their organizational structure.
methodsThis analysis uses data collected through a national longitudinal survey of local public health agencies serving communities with at least 100,000 residents. The survey measured the availability of twenty core public health activities in local communities and the types of organizations contributing to each activity. Cluster analysis differentiated local delivery systems based on the scope of activities delivered, the range of organizations contributing, and the distribution of effort within the system.
findingsPublic health delivery systems varied widely in organizational structure, but the observed patterns of variation suggested that systems adhere to one of seven distinct configurations. Systems frequently migrated from one configuration to another over time, with an overall trend toward offering a broader scope of services and engaging a wider range of organizations.
conclusionsPublic health delivery systems exhibit important structural differences that may influence their operations and outcomes. The typology developed through this analysis can facilitate comparative studies to identify which delivery system configurations perform best in which contexts.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.