ArticleJournal of innate immunity2009
Attenuated activation of macrophage TLR9 by DNA from virulent mycobacteria.
Article in Journal of innate immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Breast Cancer Milieu Maneuvers Cancer-Associated Macrophages to Synergize Neoplastic Repertoires.Cancers · 2026Review
- Toll-like receptor 9 promotes aortic chondrogenesis and calcification in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.Heart and vessels · 2026Article
- A novel immunomodulating peptide with potential to complement oligodeoxynucleotide-mediated adjuvanticity in vaccination strategies.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Potential of Neuroinflammation-Modulating Strategies in Tuberculous Meningitis: Targeting Microglia.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Interactions between CNS and immune cells in tuberculous meningitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Role of pattern recognition receptors in sensingHeliyon · 2023Review
- Blood Bacteria-Free DNA in Septic Mice Enhances LPS-Induced Inflammation in Mice through Macrophage Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Role of NRF2 in Mycobacterial Infection.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- All-trans retinoic acid increases NF-κB activity in PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells upon unmethylated CpG challenge by enhancing cell surface TLR9 expression.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2020Article
- Unmethylated CpG motif-containing genomic DNA fragment ofInnate immunity · 2020Article
- Vitamin D modulates human macrophage response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2019Article
- TLR9 Mediated Tumor-Stroma Interactions in Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-Positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Up-Regulate PD-L1 and PD-L2.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- The long non-coding RNACell stress · 2017Article
- Molecular basis of mycobacterial survival in macrophages.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2017Review
- Chronic exposure to indoxacarb and pulmonary expression of toll-like receptor-9 in mice.Veterinary world · 2016Article
- Induction of Glucocorticoid-induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) Contributes to Anti-inflammatory Effects of the Natural Product Curcumin in Macrophages.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2016Article
- Transient Hepatic Overexpression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 Induces Free Cholesterol and Lipid Droplet Formation.Frontiers in physiology · 2016Article
- The microbiome at the pulmonary alveolar niche and its role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2015Review
- Sensing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and consequences to both host and bacillus.Immunological reviews · 2015Review
- M2 polarization enhances silica nanoparticle uptake by macrophages.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages are the first line of host defence against mycobacteria, but an insufficient host response allows survival of bacteria within macrophages. We aimed to investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activation in macrophage defence against mycobacteria. Human in vitro differentiated macrophages as well as human and mouse alveolar macrophages showed TLR9 mRNA and protein expression. The cells were markedly activated by DNA isolated from attenuated mycobacterial strains (H37Ra and Mycobacterium bovis BCG) as assessed by measuring cytokine expression by real-time PCR, whereas synthetic phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotides had a much lower potency to activate human macrophages. Intracellular replication of H37Ra was higher in macrophages isolated from TLR9-deficient mice than in macrophages from wild-type mice, whereas H37Rv showed equal survival in cells from wild-type or mutant mice. Increased bacterial survival in mouse macrophages was accompanied by altered cytokine production as determined by Luminex bead assays. In vivo infection experiments also showed differential cytokine production in TLR9-deficient mice compared to wild-type animals. Both human monocyte-derived macrophages as well as human alveolar macrophages showed reduced activation upon treatment with DNA isolated from bacteria from virulent (M. bovis and H37Rv) compared to attenuated mycobacteria. We suggest attenuated TLR9 activation contributes to the insufficient host response against virulent mycobacteria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.