ReviewCritical reviews in immunology2010
Toll-like receptors and B-cell receptors synergize to induce immunoglobulin class-switch DNA recombination: relevance to microbial antibody responses.
Review in Critical reviews in immunology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: distinct gene expression profiles of potential pathogenic significance in specific subsets of patients.Haematologica · 2011Trial
- B cell-mediated immune reconstitution after lung transplantation: mechanisms, interventions, and prognostic evaluation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- B cell receptor signaling in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunopathogenesis and Therapeutics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: an Integrative Review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Lipid Antigens: Revealing the Hidden Players in Adaptive Immune Responses.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Versatile Therapeutic Approach for Cancer, Autoimmune Disorders, GVHD and COVID-19.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Majority of human circulating IgG plasmablasts stop blasting in a cell-free pro-survival culture.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Ex Vivo Fluorescent Labeling of HBV-Specific B Cells in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Oral Pathogenic Bacteria and the Oral-Gut-Liver Axis: A New Understanding of Chronic Liver Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Intrinsic B cell TLR-BCR linked coengagement induces class-switched, hypermutated, neutralizing antibody responses in absence of T cells.Science advances · 2023Article
- Unwinding the mechanism of macrophage repolarization potential ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Elevated levels of enteric IgA in an unimmunised mouse model of Hyper IgM syndrome derived from gut-associated secondary lymph organs even in the absence of germinal centres.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Third-Generation Vaccines: Features of Nucleic Acid Vaccines and Strategies to Improve Their Efficiency.Genes · 2022Review
- Afucosylated IgG responses in humans - structural clues to the regulation of humoral immunity.Trends in immunology · 2022Review
- B cell class switching in intestinal immunity in health and disease.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2022Review
- Therapeutic Antibodies: An Overview.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Chickens, more than humans, focus the diversity of their immunoglobulin genes on the complementarity-determining region but utilise amino acids, indicative of a more cross-reactive antibody repertoire.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Optimized Protocols forFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Cecal Patches Generate Abundant IgG2b-Bearing B Cells That Are Reactive to Commensal Microbiota.Journal of immunology research · 2022Article
- Mathematical Modeling of Proliferative Immune Response Initiated by Interactions Between Classical Antigen-Presenting Cells Under Joint Antagonistic IL-2 and IL-4 Signaling.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Differentiation of naïve B cells, including immunoglobulin class-switch DNA recombination, is critical for the immune response and depends on the extensive integration of signals from the B-cell receptor (BCR), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and cytokine receptors. TLRs and BCR synergize to induce class-switch DNA recombination in T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antibody responses to microbial pathogens. BCR triggering together with simultaneous endosomal TLR engagement leads to enhanced B-cell differentiation and antibody responses. Te requirement of both BCR and TLR engagement would ensure appropriate antigen-specific activation in an infection. Co-stimulation of TLRs and BCR likely plays a significant role in anti-microbial antibody responses to contain pathogen loads until the T cell-dependent antibody responses peak. Furthermore, the temporal sequence of different signals is also critical for optimal B cell responses, as exemplified by the activation of B cells by initial TLR engagement, leading to the up-regulation of co-stimulatory CD80 and MCH-II receptors, which result in more efficient interactions with T cells, thereby enhancing the germinal center reaction and antibody affinity maturation. Overall, BCR and TLR stimulation and the integration with signals from the pathogen or immune cells and their products determine the ensuing B-cell antibody response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.