Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20368805›Full record

ArticlePloS one2010

Selection on alleles affecting human longevity and late-life disease: the example of apolipoprotein E.

Fotios Drenos, Thomas B L Kirkwood

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Impact ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  2. The human SMAD9 (GCC) repeat links to natural selection and late-onset neurocognitive disorders.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024
    Article
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  8. The relationship of early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease genes with COVID-19.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2022
    Review
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  14. Antagonistic Pleiotropy in Human Disease.Journal of molecular evolution · 2020
    Review
  15. THE EXPOSOME IN HUMAN EVOLUTION: FROM DUST TO DIESEL.The Quarterly review of biology · 2019
    Article
  16. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Fotios DrenosInstitute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne, United Kingdom. F.Drenos@ucl.ac.uk
Thomas B L Kirkwood
Newcastle Hospitals - Campus for Ageing and Vitality · GB

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/C008200/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It is often claimed that genes affecting health in old age, such as cardiovascular and Alzheimer diseases, are beyond the reach of natural selection. We show in a simulation study based on known genetic (apolipoprotein E) and non-genetic risk factors (gender, diet, smoking, alcohol, exercise) that, because there is a statistical distribution of ages at which these genes exert their influence on morbidity and mortality, the effects of selection are in fact non-negligible. A gradual increase with each generation of the epsilon2 and epsilon3 alleles of the gene at the expense of the epsilon4 allele was predicted from the model. The epsilon2 allele frequency was found to increase slightly more rapidly than that for epsilon3, although there was no statistically significant difference between the two. Our result may explain the recent evolutionary history of the epsilon 2, 3 and 4 alleles of the apolipoprotein E gene and has wider relevance for genes affecting human longevity.

Indexed as

Computer SimulationGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseSelection, GeneticAge DistributionAge FactorsAllelesApolipoprotein E2Apolipoprotein E3Apolipoprotein E4Apolipoproteins EEvolution, MolecularGene FrequencyHumansLongevityModels, GeneticApolipoprotein E2Apolipoprotein E3Apolipoprotein E4Apolipoproteins E

Identifiers

PMID20368805
PMCPMC2848859
OpenAlexW2063836788

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.