ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2010
Optimal bone strength and mineralization requires the type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in osteoblasts.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thyroid Function Tests in the Reference Range and Fracture: Individual Participant Analysis of Prospective Cohorts.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2017Pooled it
- American Thyroid Association Guide to investigating thyroid hormone economy and action in rodent and cell models.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2014Guideline
- Bone microarchitecture assessed by HR-pQCT in syndrome of inappropriate secretion of thyrotropin with thyrotoxicosis.Archives of osteoporosis · 2026Article
- Association of impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone with low bone mineral density and bone mineral content.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Hypothyroidism as a risk factor for perioperative complications in lumbar spine surgery: a national database study.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- The mediating role of thyroid-related hormones between thyroid dysfunction diseases and osteoporosis: a mediation mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Circulating levels of micronutrients and the risk of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: A Mendelian randomization study.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Diagnosis and therapeutic approach to bone health in patients with hypopituitarism.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Genetic predisposition to thyrotoxicosis and onset of knee osteoarthritis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone correlates to osteoporosis and fractures in euthyroid individuals.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Article
- How does Hashimoto's thyroiditis affect bone metabolism?Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2023Review
- The Physiological Functions and Polymorphisms of Type II Deiodinase.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Review
- Thyroid Hormone Metabolism: A Historical Perspective.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2023Article
- Mutation in the CCAL1 locus accounts for bidirectional process of human subchondral bone turnover and cartilage mineralization.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Low Bone Turnover Due to Hypothyroidism or Anti-Resorptive Treatment Does Not Affect Whole-Body Glucose Homeostasis in Male Mice.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Quantifying the Human Subchondral Trabecular Bone Microstructure in Osteoarthritis with Clinical CT.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Identification of polymorphic loci in the deiodinase 2 gene and their associations with head dimensions in geese.Animal bioscience · 2022Article
- Endocrine Regulation on Bone by Thyroid.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Genkwanin Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Bone Destruction and Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Cochlear Fibrocyte and Osteoblast Lineages Expressing Type 2 Deiodinase Identified with a Dio2CreERt2 Allele.Endocrinology · 2021Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are each associated with an increased risk of fracture. Although thyroxine (T4) is the predominant circulating thyroid hormone, target cell responses are determined by local intracellular availability of the active hormone 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3), which is generated from T4 by the type 2 deiodinase enzyme (D2). To investigate the role of locally produced T3 in bone, we characterized mice deficient in D2 (D2KO) in which the serum T3 level is normal. Bones from adult D2KO mice have reduced toughness and are brittle, displaying an increased susceptibility to fracture. This phenotype is characterized by a 50% reduction in bone formation and a generalized increase in skeletal mineralization resulting from a local deficiency of T3 in osteoblasts. These data reveal an essential role for D2 in osteoblasts in the optimization of bone strength and mineralization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.