Trial reportJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2010
At homeostasis filarial infections have expanded adaptive T regulatory but not classical Th2 cells.
Trial report in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterising the mucosal and systemic immune responses to experimental human hookworm infection.PLoS pathogens · 2012Trial
- Impact ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Giardia-induced Type 2 mucosal immunity attenuates intestinal inflammation caused by co-infection or colitis in mice.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Dynamics of Human Filarial Infections: Immunological Responses, Host Manifestations, and Pathogen Biology.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Pharmaceutical Potential of Remedial Plants and Helminths for Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Epilepsy and nodding syndrome in association with an Onchocerca volvulus infection drive distinct immune profile patterns.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Stage-Dependent Increase of Systemic Immune Activation and CCR5Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Helminth Lessons in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD).Biomedicines · 2023Review
- The Immune Response to Nematode Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Harnessing Immune Evasion Strategy of Lymphatic Filariae: A Therapeutic Approach against Inflammatory and Infective Pathology.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Helminth infection modulates number and function of adipose tissue Tregs in high fat diet-induced obesity.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Profiles of CD4Medical microbiology and immunology · 2022Article
- The Human FilariaResearch and reports in tropical medicine · 2022Review
- Helminth Therapy for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Current and Future Perspectives.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Review
- High Tregs and systemic IL-10 expressions linked to the absence of sheath antibodies in lymphatic filariasis: implications on the persistence of residual infection.Immunologic research · 2021Article
- Revisiting the Mechanisms of Immune Evasion Employed by Human Parasites.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Filarial Lymphedema Patients Are Characterized by Exhausted CD4Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the well-documented immune suppression associated with human helminth infections, studies characterizing the immune response at the single-cell level are scanty. We used multiparameter flow cytometry to characterize the type of effector (Th1, Th2, and Th17) and regulatory (natural T regulatory cells [nTregs] and adaptive Treg cells [aTreg/type 1 regulatory cells (Tr1s)]) CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in filaria-infected (Fil(+)) and -uninfected (Fil(-)) individuals at homeostasis (in the absence of stimulation). Frequencies of CD4(+) lymphocytes spontaneously producing IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17A were significantly higher in Fil(+), as were those of IL-10(+)/IL-4(+) double-producing CD4(+) cells. Interestingly, frequencies of Th17 and aTreg/Tr1s but not classical Th1 or Th2 cells were significantly increased in Fil(+) compared to Fil(-) individuals. Although the frequency of nTreg was increased in Fil(+), IL-10 was overwhelmingly produced by CD4(+)CD25(-) cells. Moreover, the concentration of IL-10 produced spontaneously in vitro strongly correlated with the integrated geometric mean fluorescence intensity of IL-10-producing aTreg/Tr1s in Fil(+). Together, these data show that at steady state, IL-10-producing aTreg/Tr1 as well as nTreg and effector Th17 CD4(+) cells are expanded in vivo in human filarial infections. Moreover, we have established baseline ex vivo frequencies of effector and Tregs at homeostasis at a population level.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.