SynthesisEnvironmental health perspectives2010
Case-crossover analysis of air pollution health effects: a systematic review of methodology and application.
Synthesis in Environmental health perspectives, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Heat, heatwaves, and ambulance service use: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence.International journal of biometeorology · 2023Pooled it
- Control yourself: ISPE-endorsed guidance in the application of self-controlled study designs in pharmacoepidemiology.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2021Pooled it
- Air Pollution (Particulate Matter) Exposure and Associations with Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar, Psychosis and Suicide Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of outdoor air pollution on asthma exacerbations in children and adults: Systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Short-term exposure to particulate air pollution and risk of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2015Pooled it
- PM₁₀ exposure and non-accidental mortality in Asian populations: a meta-analysis of time-series and case-crossover studies.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2013Pooled it
- Article
- Urban-rural disparities in heatwave effects on under-5 mortality in China, 2009-2019: a nationwide case-crossover study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Warm season hourly temperature and psychiatric emergencies: A case-crossover study of a vulnerable population in Boston, 2005-2019.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- The ADAPT-HEAT Study: A Multi-Method Approach to Develop Recommendations for Drug Safety During Hot Weather (The CALOR List)-Study Protocol.Methods and protocols · 2026Article
- Sunshine duration and episodes of mental disorders and the inverse effect modification by ambient temperature.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Differential impacts of short-term PMScience China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Air Conditioning in Nursing Homes and Mortality During Extreme Heat.JAMA internal medicine · 2026Article
- Cleaning and validating longitudinal maternal and child postcode histories from a national healthcare registry for environmental health research in London, UK.International journal of population data science · 2026Article
- Ambient temperature extremes and neonatal mortality: a time-stratified case-crossover analysis using Demographic and Health Survey data from East Africa (2011-2022).BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Ozone exposure is positively correlated with the occurrence of Kawasaki disease in Chinese children.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- In-hospital mortality as an outcome indicator for air pollution health risk assessment: data utility and research challenges.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Association between dry eye disease and temperature is modified by residential greenness: case-crossover study in Beijing, China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Escalated heatwave mortality risk in sub-Saharan Africa under recent warming trend.Science advances · 2025Article
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCase-crossover is one of the most used designs for analyzing the health-related effects of air pollution. Nevertheless, no one has reviewed its application and methodology in this context.
objectiveWe conducted a systematic review of case-crossover (CCO) designs used to study the relationship between air pollution and morbidity and mortality, from the standpoint of methodology and application. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION: A search was made of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases.Reports were classified as methodologic or applied. From the latter, the following information was extracted: author, study location, year, type of population (general or patients), dependent variable(s), independent variable(s), type of CCO design, and whether effect modification was analyzed for variables at the individual level. DATA SYNTHESIS: The review covered 105 reports that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these, 24 addressed methodological aspects, and the remainder involved the design's application. In the methodological reports, the designs that yielded the best results in simulation were symmetric bidirectional CCO and time-stratified CCO. Furthermore, we observed an increase across time in the use of certain CCO designs, mainly symmetric bidirectional and time-stratified CCO. The dependent variables most frequently analyzed were those relating to hospital morbidity; the pollutants most often studied were those linked to particulate matter. Among the CCO-application reports, 13.6% studied effect modification for variables at the individual level.
conclusionsThe use of CCO designs has undergone considerable growth; the most widely used designs were those that yielded better results in simulation studies: symmetric bidirectional and time-stratified CCO. However, the advantages of CCO as a method of analysis of variables at the individual level are put to little use.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.