ReviewPharmacoepidemiology and drug safety2010
Instrumental variable methods in comparative safety and effectiveness research.
Review in Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05016505 (A Randomized Controlled Trial to Support Smoke-Free Policy Compliance in Public Housing), which is not on this map. Cited by 134 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Support Smoke-Free Policy Compliance in Public Housing
Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using Mendelian randomization (STROBE-MR): a Korean translation of explanation and elaboration.Ewha medical journal · 2025Guideline
- Use of instrumental variable in prescription drug research with observational data: a systematic review.Journal of clinical epidemiology · 2011Pooled it
- Instrumental variable meta-analysis of individual patient data: application to adjust for treatment non-compliance.BMC medical research methodology · 2011Pooled it
- Trial
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- Unmeasured confounding and misclassification in studies estimating vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation and death using electronic health records (EHRs): an evaluation of a multi-country European retrospective cohort study.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Adjusting for selection bias due to missing eligibility criteria in emulated target trials.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- RecUrrent Intra-articular Corticosteroid injections in Osteoarthritis: the RUbICOn mixed-methods study.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2025Article
- Acute Surgery vs Conservative Treatment for Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma.JAMA network open · 2025Observational
- Effect of intra-articular corticosteroid injections for osteoarthritis on the subsequent use of pain medications: a UK CPRD cohort study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a distributed representation model of Japanese high-dimensional administrative claims data for clinical epidemiology studies.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Article
- Advancing Principled Pharmacoepidemiologic Research to Support Regulatory and Healthcare Decision Making: The Era of Real-World Evidence.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- Multiplicative versus additive modelling of causal effects using instrumental variables for survival outcomes - a comparison.Statistical methods in medical research · 2025Article
- Association with menopausal hormone therapy and asymptomatic gallstones in US women in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Pharmacoepidemiology: An Overview.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Thrombotic risk of platinum combination chemotherapy with and without immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a nationwide inpatient database study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- Improving Registry-Based Observational Comparative Effectiveness Studies by Prospectively Incorporating Robust Treatment Preference Instruments.JACC. Advances · 2023Article
- Application of Instrumental Variable Analysis in Pediatric End-of-Life Research: A Case Study.Western journal of nursing research · 2023Article
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Instrumental variable (IV) methods have been proposed as a potential approach to the common problem of uncontrolled confounding in comparative studies of medical interventions, but IV methods are unfamiliar to many researchers. The goal of this article is to provide a non-technical, practical introduction to IV methods for comparative safety and effectiveness research. We outline the principles and basic assumptions necessary for valid IV estimation, discuss how to interpret the results of an IV study, provide a review of instruments that have been used in comparative effectiveness research, and suggest some minimal reporting standards for an IV analysis. Finally, we offer our perspective of the role of IV estimation vis-à-vis more traditional approaches based on statistical modeling of the exposure or outcome. We anticipate that IV methods will be often underpowered for drug safety studies of very rare outcomes, but may be potentially useful in studies of intended effects where uncontrolled confounding may be substantial.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.