ArticlePloS one2010
Short-term antibiotic treatment has differing long-term impacts on the human throat and gut microbiome.
Article in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05449028 (Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Therapy in Portugal), which is not on this map. Cited by 553 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Therapy in Portugal: Prospective, Randomized, Blind and Multicentre Trial on the Efficacy of Quadruple Therapies and Their Clinical Impact, and Immunological and Gut Microbiota Changes
Who cites it
553 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Worldwide research trends on theFrontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Topical metronidazole after haemorrhoidectomy to reduce postoperative pain: a systematic review.Updates in surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Cystic Fibrosis-Related Gut Dysbiosis: A Systematic Review.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Pooled it
- The effects of helminth infections on the human gut microbiome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2023Pooled it
- Variability of strain engraftment and predictability of microbiome composition after fecal microbiota transplantation across different diseases.Nature medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Systemic Antibiotics in the Surgical Treatment of Peri-Implantitis: Impact on the Salivary Microbiome.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Trial
- Probiotics alleviate oral microbiota disruptions induced byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Trial
- Alterations of human skin microbiome and expansion of antimicrobial resistance after systemic antibiotics.Science translational medicine · 2021Trial
- From gut dysbiosis to eubiosis: understanding microbiome recovery as an ecological process.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Antibiotic Class-Specific Effects on Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Microbiome Disruption, Risk, and Recovery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Early-life exposures and risk of multiple gynecological diseases: evidence from a large community-based study of 272,706 women.BMC women's health · 2026Observational
- Comparative analysis of the sputum microbiota in different COPD clinical states.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome shift in long COVID: impact of disease and montelukast treatment.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Article
- The gut microbiota and kawasaki disease: exploring the role of microbial dysbiosis and metabolites in pathogenesis and therapeutics.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Review
- Antibiotic use and gut microbiome composition links from individual-level prescription data of 14,979 individuals.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Changes in Prooxidant and Antioxidant-Related Trace Element Levels During Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Application of Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics and Machine Learning in the Diagnostics of Lyme Neuroborreliosis.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Dyspepsia followingWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
493 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibiotic administration is the standard treatment for the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, the main causative agent of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. However, the long-term consequences of this treatment on the human indigenous microbiota are relatively unexplored. Here we studied short- and long-term effects of clarithromycin and metronidazole treatment, a commonly used therapy regimen against H. pylori, on the indigenous microbiota in the throat and in the lower intestine. The bacterial compositions in samples collected over a four-year period were monitored by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene using 454-based pyrosequencing and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). While the microbial communities of untreated control subjects were relatively stable over time, dramatic shifts were observed one week after antibiotic treatment with reduced bacterial diversity in all treated subjects in both locations. While the microbiota of the different subjects responded uniquely to the antibiotic treatment some general trends could be observed; such as a dramatic decline in Actinobacteria in both throat and feces immediately after treatment. Although the diversity of the microbiota subsequently recovered to resemble the pre treatment states, the microbiota remained perturbed in some cases for up to four years post treatment. In addition, four years after treatment high levels of the macrolide resistance gene erm(B) were found, indicating that antibiotic resistance, once selected for, can persist for longer periods of time than previously recognized. This highlights the importance of a restrictive antibiotic usage in order to prevent subsequent treatment failure and potential spread of antibiotic resistance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.