ReviewSeminars in hematology2010
Antigenic modulation and rituximab resistance.
Review in Seminars in hematology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of add-on anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody to Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Hyperactive Rac converts sublethal to lethal trogocytosis in vivo.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Hyperactive Rac converts sublethal nibbling to lethal phagocytosisbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Fatal Cytokine Collision: HLH-AIHA in Advanced AIDS-Case Report and Literature Review.Reports (MDPI) · 2025Article
- Development of Hemispherical 3D Models of Human Brain and B Cell Lymphomas Using On-Chip Cell Dome System.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The use of tafasitamab in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Therapeutic advances in hematology · 2021Review
- Antibodies conjugated with viral antigens elicit a cytotoxic T cell response against primary CLL ex vivo.Leukemia · 2019Article
- Antibody-mediated immunosuppression can result from RBC antigen loss independent of Fcγ receptors in mice.Transfusion · 2019Article
- CD47 Blockade by Hu5F9-G4 and Rituximab in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.The New England journal of medicine · 2018Article
- Shaving Is an Epiphenomenon of Type I and II Anti-CD20-Mediated Phagocytosis, whereas Antigenic Modulation Limits Type I Monoclonal Antibody Efficacy.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
- Article
- ImmunoPET of Malignant and Normal B Cells withClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Article
- Interaction of Immunoglobulin with Cytomegalovirus-Infected Cells.Viral immunology · 2017Article
- The PD-1/PD-L1 axis contributes to immune metabolic dysfunctions of monocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Leukemia · 2017Article
- Adoptive T Cell Immunotherapy for Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2017Review
- Gemcitabine enhances rituximab-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity to B cell lymphoma by CD20 upregulation.Cancer science · 2016Article
- Genetic and Epigenetic Modulation of CD20 Expression in B-Cell Malignancies: Molecular Mechanisms and Significance to Rituximab Resistance.Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology : JCEH · 2016Article
- Suppression of Rituximab-resistant B-cell lymphoma with a novel multi-component anti-CD20 mAb nanocluster.Oncotarget · 2015Article
- The emergence of CD20-/CD19- tumor cells after rituximab therapy for Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder complicated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.European journal of pediatrics · 2014Article
- Anti-erythropoietin receptor antibody-associated pure red cell aplasia accompanied by Coombs-negative autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient with T cell/histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma.International journal of hematology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Several types of B-cell lymphoma have been successfully treated with rituximab, and approval by the US Food and Drug Administration for use of rituximab in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis has increased interest in targeting CD20 on B cells for other indications. Although large amounts of rituximab can be infused into humans with no apparent dose-limiting toxicity, recent evidence suggests that the body's effector mechanisms, including complement-mediated cytotoxicity and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated killing, can be saturated or exhausted at high burdens of rituximab-opsonized B cells. One of the consequences of this saturation phenomenon is that the opsonized B cells are instead processed by a different pathway mediated by FcgammaR on effector cells. In this alternative pathway, both rituximab and CD20 are removed ("shaved") from the B cells and are taken up by monocytes/macrophages. This process, formerly called antigenic modulation, appears to occur in several compartments in the body and may play a key role in the development of resistance to rituximab therapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.