ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2010
Central nervous system destruction mediated by glutamic acid decarboxylase-specific CD4+ T cells.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuro-immune interactions in tumors, immune-related disorders, and infections.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Anti-gad autoimmune encephalitis: a case report.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Clinical heterogeneity and immunotherapy outcomes in anti-GAD65 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective study.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Aggravation of stiff-person syndrome with ophthalmoplegia after tandospirone initiation: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Clinical Features and Outcomes of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-65 Antibody-Associated Pure Cerebellar Ataxia and Stiff Person Syndrome Spectrum Disorders: A Single-Center Cohort Study.European journal of neurology · 2025Observational
- Stiff-person syndrome and related disorders - diagnosis, mechanisms and therapies.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- Characterization of Anti-GAD65-Associated Neurological Syndromes: Clinical Features and Antibody Titers.NeuroSci · 2024Article
- Stiff Person Spectrum Disorders-An Update and Outlook on Clinical, Pathophysiological and Treatment Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Repositioning synthetic glucocorticoids in psychiatric disease associated with neural autoantibodies: a narrative review.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023Review
- Co-occurrence of Anti-GAD65 Syndrome, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, and Focal Seizures With Impaired Awareness.Cureus · 2023Article
- Revisiting the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes: Importance of Neural Input to Pancreatic Islets and the Therapeutic Capability of Stem Cell EducatorBiomedicines · 2023Review
- Case Report: Extraocular muscles paralysis associated with GAD65 antibody: a case series study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Elevated IL-6 plasma levels are associated with GAD antibodies-associated autoimmune epilepsy.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
- A Breakdown of Immune Tolerance in the Cerebellum.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- The contribution of thymic tolerance to central nervous system autoimmunity.Seminars in immunopathology · 2021Review
- GAD antibody-spectrum disorders: progress in clinical phenotypes, immunopathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2021Review
- Neuropsychiatric Disorders Due to Limbic Encephalitis: Immunologic Aspect.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- GAD antibodies in neurological disorders - insights and challenges.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2020Review
- Neurological Syndromes Associated with Anti-GAD Antibodies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Neurologic syndromes related to anti-GAD65: Clinical and serologic response to treatment.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
High titers of autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 are commonly observed in patients suffering from type 1 diabetes as well as stiff-person syndrome (SPS), a disorder that affects the CNS, and a variant of SPS, progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus. Although there is a considerable amount of data focusing on the role of GAD65-specific CD4(+) T cells in type 1 diabetes, little is known about their role in SPS. In this study, we show that mice possessing a monoclonal GAD65-specific CD4(+) T cell population (4B5, PA19.9G11, or PA17.9G7) develop a lethal encephalomyelitis-like disease in the absence of any other T cells or B cells. GAD65-reactive CD4(+) T cells were found throughout the CNS in direct concordance with GAD65 expression and activated microglia: proximal to the circumventricular organs at the interface between the brain parenchyma and the blood-brain barrier. In the presence of B cells, high titer anti-GAD65 autoantibodies were generated, but these had no effect on the incidence or severity of disease. In addition, GAD65-specific CD4(+) T cells isolated from the brain were activated and produced IFN-gamma. These findings suggest that GAD65-reactive CD4(+) T cells alone mediate a lethal encephalomyelitis-like disease that may serve as a useful model to study GAD65-mediated diseases of the CNS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.