ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2010
Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 229 citations in OpenAlex.
- ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Other complications and associated conditions in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Pediatric diabetes · 2018Guideline
- Mucocutaneous Hyperpigmentation as the Diagnostic Clue to Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 2: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Continuously High Titers of Multiple Islet-associated Autoantibodies in an Individual with an Elderly Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Basedow's Disease: A Case Report with a Review of Literature.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Review
- Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type II Presenting with Severe Hyponatraemia and Autoimmune Bicytopaenia.European journal of case reports in internal medicine · 2026Article
- Autosplenectomy in a Patient With Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 2 (APS-2).Case reports in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Article
- Intertwined and unequal causality of type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease: Insights from Mendelian randomization.Medicine · 2025Article
- Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 2 With Hurthle Cell Adenoma: A Rare Association.Cureus · 2025Article
- Autoimmune regulator deficiency causes sterile epididymitis and impacts male fertility through disruption of inorganic physiology.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 3 and Overlapping Autoimmune Endocrinopathies: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- A Case of Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 2 in Childhood: Unraveling a Rare and Complex Endocrine Puzzle.Cureus · 2025Article
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 in children: a case report and literature review.BMC pediatrics · 2025Review
- Diverse clinical manifestations and management strategies in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome: a review of cases.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- When should a neonatologist consult a rheumatologist?European journal of pediatrics · 2025Review
- Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome among Chinese celiac disease patients: a survey of 243 individuals in China.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Partial Lipodystrophy Affecting the Extremities in a Young Woman With Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome 1.JCEM case reports · 2024Article
- Activation of autoreactive lymphocytes in the lung by radioresistant cells expressing a STING gain-of-function mutation.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Exploring Chronic Hypocalcemia: Insights into Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1-A Case Study and Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- A 20-year study of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II and III in Taiwan.European thyroid journal · 2023Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The autoimmune polyglandular syndromes-a group of syndromes comprising a combination of endocrine and nonendocrine autoimmune diseases-differ in their component diseases and in the immunologic features of their pathogenesis. One of the three main syndromes, type 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS-1), has a unique pathogenic mechanism owing to mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene, which results in the loss of central tolerance-a process by which developing T cells with potential reactivity for self-antigens are eliminated during early differentiation in the thymus. Patients with IPEX (immune dysfunction, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked) syndrome harbor mutations in the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) gene in regulatory T cells, which leads to severe autoimmunity and immune deficiency. Although both of these disorders are rare, their well-defined mechanisms of disease provide a basis for the understanding of the more common condition, APS-2. In this syndrome, alleles of human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) determine the targeting of specific tissues by autoreactive T cells, which leads to organ-specific autoimmunity as a result of this loss of tolerance. Non-HLA genes also contribute to autoimmunity in APS-2 and, depending on the polymorphism, potentially predispose to a loss of tolerance or influence which organ is specifically targeted. This Review discusses the genetic basis of APS-1, APS-2 and IPEX syndrome, with an emphasis on the mechanisms of autoimmunity and presents currently available therapies to treat their underlying autoimmune disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.